1686 lines
46 KiB
Groff
1686 lines
46 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Andries Brouwer
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.\"
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.\" This page is somewhat derived from a page that was
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.\" (c) 1980, 1989, 1991 The Regents of the University of California
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.\" and had been heavily modified by Rik Faith and myself.
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.\" (Probably no BSD text remains.)
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.\" Fragments of text were written by Werner Almesberger, Remy Card,
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.\" Stephen Tweedie and Eric Youngdale.
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.\"
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.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
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.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
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.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
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.\" USA.
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.\"
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.\" 960705, aeb: version for mount-2.7g
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.\" 970114, aeb: xiafs and ext are dead; romfs is new
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.\" 970623, aeb: -F option
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.\" 970914, reg: -s option
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.\" 981111, K.Garloff: /etc/filesystems
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.\" 990111, aeb: documented /sbin/mount.smbfs
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.\" 990730, Yann Droneaud <lch@multimania.com>: updated page
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.\" 991214, Elrond <Elrond@Wunder-Nett.org>: added some docs on devpts
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.\" 010725, Nikita Danilov <NikitaDanilov@Yahoo.COM>: reiserfs options
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.\" 011124, Karl Eichwalder <ke@gnu.franken.de>: tmpfs options
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.\"
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.TH MOUNT 8 "14 September 1997" "Linux 2.0" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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mount \- mount a file system
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.BI "mount [\-lhV]"
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.LP
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|
.BI "mount \-a [\-fFnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype ]
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.br
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|
.BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-o " options " [,...]] " "device " | " dir"
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.br
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|
.BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype "] [\-o " options "] " "device dir"
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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|
All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big
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tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at
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.BR / .
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|
These files can be spread out over several devices. The
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|
.B mount
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|
command serves to attach the file system found on some device
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|
to the big file tree. Conversely, the
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.BR umount (8)
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|
command will detach it again.
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|
|
|
The standard form of the
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|
.B mount
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|
command, is
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|
.RS
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|
.br
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|
.BI "mount \-t" " type device dir"
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|
.RE
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|
This tells the kernel to attach the file system found on
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|
.I device
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|
(which is of type
|
|
.IR type )
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at the directory
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.IR dir .
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|
The previous contents (if any) and owner and mode of
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.I dir
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|
become invisible, and as long as this file system remains mounted,
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|
the pathname
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.I dir
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|
refers to the root of the file system on
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|
.IR device .
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|
|
|
Three forms of invocation do not actually mount anything:
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|
.RS
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|
.br
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|
.B "mount \-h"
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|
.RE
|
|
prints a help message;
|
|
.RS
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|
.br
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|
.B "mount \-V"
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.RE
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|
prints a version string; and just
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.RS
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|
.BI "mount [-l] [-t" " type" ]
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.RE
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|
lists all mounted file systems (of type
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.IR type ).
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|
The option \-l adds the (ext2, ext3 and XFS) labels in this listing.
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|
See below.
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|
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|
.\" In fact since 2.3.99. At first the syntax was mount -t bind.
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Since Linux 2.4.0 it is possible to remount part of the
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file hierarchy somewhere else. The call is
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.RS
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|
.br
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|
.B "mount --bind olddir newdir"
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|
.RE
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|
After this call the same contents is accessible in two places.
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|
|
|
Since Linux 2.5.1 it is possible to atomically move a subtree
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|
to another place. The call is
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|
.RS
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.br
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|
.B "mount --move olddir newdir"
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.RE
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|
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|
The
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.I proc
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|
file system is not associated with a special device, and when
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|
mounting it, an arbitrary keyword, such as
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.I proc
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can be used instead of a device specification.
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|
(The customary choice
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.I none
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|
is less fortunate: the error message `none busy' from
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|
.B umount
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|
can be confusing.)
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|
Most devices are indicated by a file name (of a block special device), like
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.IR /dev/sda1 ,
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but there are other possibilities. For example, in the case of an NFS mount,
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|
.I device
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|
may look like
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.IR knuth.cwi.nl:/dir .
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|
It is possible to indicate a block special device using its
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|
volume label or UUID (see the \-L and \-U options below).
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|
The file
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|
.I /etc/fstab
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|
(see
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.BR fstab (5)),
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|
may contain lines describing what devices are usually
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mounted where, using which options. This file is used in three ways:
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.LP
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|
(i) The command
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|
.RS
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|
.br
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|
.BI "mount \-a [-t" " type" ]
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.RE
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|
(usually given in a bootscript) causes all file systems mentioned in
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|
.I fstab
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|
(of the proper type) to be mounted as indicated, except for those
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|
whose line contains the
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.B noauto
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keyword. Adding the
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.B \-F
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option will make mount fork, so that the
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filesystems are mounted simultaneously.
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.LP
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|
(ii) When mounting a file system mentioned in
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.IR fstab ,
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it suffices to give only the device, or only the mount point.
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.LP
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|
(iii) Normally, only the superuser can mount file systems.
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However, when
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.I fstab
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contains the
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|
.B user
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|
option on a line, then anybody can mount the corresponding system.
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|
.LP
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|
Thus, given a line
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|
.RS
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|
.br
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|
.B "/dev/cdrom /cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide"
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|
.RE
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|
any user can mount the iso9660 file system found on his CDROM
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|
using the command
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.RS
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.br
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|
.B "mount /dev/cdrom"
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|
.RE
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|
or
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|
.RS
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|
.br
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|
.B "mount /cd"
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|
.RE
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|
For more details, see
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|
.BR fstab (5).
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|
Only the user that mounted a filesystem can unmount it again.
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|
If any user should be able to unmount, then use
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|
.B users
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instead of
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.B user
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|
in the
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.I fstab
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line.
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|
The
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.B owner
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|
option is similar to the
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|
.B user
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|
option, with the restriction that the user must be the owner
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|
of the special file. This may be useful e.g. for
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.I /dev/fd
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|
if a login script makes the console user owner of this device.
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|
The programs
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|
.B mount
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|
and
|
|
.B umount
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|
maintain a list of currently mounted file systems in the file
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|
.IR /etc/mtab .
|
|
If no arguments are given to
|
|
.BR mount ,
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|
this list is printed.
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|
When the
|
|
.I proc
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|
filesystem is mounted (say at
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|
.IR /proc ),
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|
the files
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|
.I /etc/mtab
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|
and
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|
.I /proc/mounts
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|
have very similar contents. The former has somewhat
|
|
more information, such as the mount options used,
|
|
but is not necessarily up-to-date (cf. the
|
|
.B \-n
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|
option below). It is possible to replace
|
|
.I /etc/mtab
|
|
by a symbolic link to
|
|
.IR /proc/mounts ,
|
|
but some information is lost that way, and in particular
|
|
working with the loop device will be less convenient.
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|
|
.SH OPTIONS
|
|
The full set of options used by an invocation of
|
|
.B mount
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|
is determined by first extracting the
|
|
options for the file system from the
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|
.I fstab
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|
table, then applying any options specified by the
|
|
.B \-o
|
|
argument, and finally applying a
|
|
.BR \-r " or " \-w
|
|
option, when present.
|
|
|
|
Options available for the
|
|
.B mount
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|
command:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-V
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|
Output version.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-h
|
|
Print a help message.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-v
|
|
Verbose mode.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-a
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|
Mount all filesystems (of the given types) mentioned in
|
|
.IR fstab .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-F
|
|
(Used in conjunction with
|
|
.BR \-a .)
|
|
Fork off a new incarnation of mount for each device.
|
|
This will do the mounts on different devices or different NFS servers
|
|
in parallel.
|
|
This has the advantage that it is faster; also NFS timeouts go in
|
|
parallel. A disadvantage is that the mounts are done in undefined order.
|
|
Thus, you cannot use this option if you want to mount both
|
|
.I /usr
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|
and
|
|
.IR /usr/spool .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-f
|
|
Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call; if it's not
|
|
obvious, this ``fakes'' mounting the file system. This option is useful in
|
|
conjunction with the
|
|
.B \-v
|
|
flag to determine what the
|
|
.B mount
|
|
command is trying to do. It can also be used to add entries for devices
|
|
that were mounted earlier with the -n option.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-l
|
|
Add the ext2, ext3 and XFS labels in the mount output. Mount must have
|
|
permission to read the disk device (e.g. be suid root) for this to work.
|
|
One can set such a label for ext2 or ext3 using the
|
|
.BR e2label (8)
|
|
utility, or for XFS using
|
|
.BR xfs_admin (8).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-n
|
|
Mount without writing in
|
|
.IR /etc/mtab .
|
|
This is necessary for example when
|
|
.I /etc
|
|
is on a read-only file system.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-s
|
|
Tolerate sloppy mount options rather than failing. This will ignore
|
|
mount options not supported by a filesystem type. Not all filesystems
|
|
support this option. This option exists for support of the Linux
|
|
autofs\-based automounter.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-r
|
|
Mount the file system read-only. A synonym is
|
|
.BR "\-o ro" .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-w
|
|
Mount the file system read/write. This is the default. A synonym is
|
|
.BR "\-o rw" .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-L " label"
|
|
Mount the partition that has the specified
|
|
.IR label .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-U " uuid"
|
|
Mount the partition that has the specified
|
|
.IR uuid .
|
|
These two options require the file
|
|
.I /proc/partitions
|
|
(present since Linux 2.1.116) to exist.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-t " vfstype"
|
|
The argument following the
|
|
.B \-t
|
|
is used to indicate the file system type. The file system types which are
|
|
currently supported are:
|
|
.IR adfs ,
|
|
.IR affs ,
|
|
.IR autofs ,
|
|
.IR coda ,
|
|
.IR coherent ,
|
|
.IR cramfs ,
|
|
.IR devpts ,
|
|
.IR efs ,
|
|
.IR ext ,
|
|
.IR ext2 ,
|
|
.IR ext3 ,
|
|
.IR hfs ,
|
|
.IR hpfs ,
|
|
.IR iso9660 ,
|
|
.IR jfs ,
|
|
.IR minix ,
|
|
.IR msdos ,
|
|
.IR ncpfs ,
|
|
.IR nfs ,
|
|
.IR ntfs ,
|
|
.IR proc ,
|
|
.IR qnx4 ,
|
|
.IR reiserfs ,
|
|
.IR romfs ,
|
|
.IR smbfs ,
|
|
.IR sysv ,
|
|
.IR tmpfs ,
|
|
.IR udf ,
|
|
.IR ufs ,
|
|
.IR umsdos ,
|
|
.IR vfat ,
|
|
.IR xenix ,
|
|
.IR xfs ,
|
|
.IR xiafs .
|
|
Note that coherent, sysv and xenix are equivalent and that
|
|
.I xenix
|
|
and
|
|
.I coherent
|
|
will be removed at some point in the future \(em use
|
|
.I sysv
|
|
instead. Since kernel version 2.1.21 the types
|
|
.I ext
|
|
and
|
|
.I xiafs
|
|
do not exist anymore.
|
|
|
|
For most types all the
|
|
.B mount
|
|
program has to do is issue a simple
|
|
.IR mount (2)
|
|
system call, and no detailed knowledge of the filesystem type is required.
|
|
For a few types however (like nfs, smbfs, ncpfs) ad hoc code is
|
|
necessary. The nfs ad hoc code is built in, but smbfs and ncpfs
|
|
have a separate mount program. In order to make it possible to
|
|
treat all types in a uniform way, mount will execute the program
|
|
.I /sbin/mount.TYPE
|
|
(if that exists) when called with type
|
|
.IR TYPE .
|
|
Since various versions of the
|
|
.I smbmount
|
|
program have different calling conventions,
|
|
.I /sbin/mount.smb
|
|
may have to be a shell script that sets up the desired call.
|
|
|
|
The type
|
|
.I iso9660
|
|
is the default. If no
|
|
.B \-t
|
|
option is given, or if the
|
|
.B auto
|
|
type is specified, the superblock is probed for the filesystem type
|
|
.RI ( adfs ,
|
|
.IR bfs ,
|
|
.IR cramfs ,
|
|
.IR ext ,
|
|
.IR ext2 ,
|
|
.IR ext3 ,
|
|
.IR hfs ,
|
|
.IR hpfs ,
|
|
.IR iso9660 ,
|
|
.IR jfs ,
|
|
.IR minix ,
|
|
.IR ntfs ,
|
|
.IR qnx4 ,
|
|
.IR reiserfs ,
|
|
.IR romfs ,
|
|
.IR udf ,
|
|
.IR ufs ,
|
|
.IR vxfs ,
|
|
.IR xfs ,
|
|
.IR xiafs
|
|
are supported).
|
|
If this probe fails, mount will try to read the file
|
|
.IR /etc/filesystems ,
|
|
or, if that does not exist,
|
|
.IR /proc/filesystems .
|
|
All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried,
|
|
except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g.,
|
|
.IR devpts ,
|
|
.I proc
|
|
and
|
|
.IR nfs ).
|
|
If
|
|
.I /etc/filesystems
|
|
ends in a line with a single * only, mount will read
|
|
.I /proc/filesystems
|
|
afterwards.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
.B auto
|
|
type may be useful for user-mounted floppies.
|
|
Creating a file
|
|
.I /etc/filesystems
|
|
can be useful to change the probe order (e.g., to try vfat before msdos)
|
|
or if you use a kernel module autoloader.
|
|
Warning: the probing uses a heuristic (the presence of appropriate `magic'),
|
|
and could recognize the wrong filesystem type, possibly with catastrophic
|
|
consequences. If your data is valuable, don't ask
|
|
.B mount
|
|
to guess.
|
|
|
|
More than one type may be specified in a comma separated
|
|
list. The list of file system types can be prefixed with
|
|
.B no
|
|
to specify the file system types on which no action should be taken.
|
|
(This can be meaningful with the
|
|
.B \-a
|
|
option.)
|
|
|
|
For example, the command:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.RS
|
|
.B "mount \-a \-t nomsdos,ext"
|
|
.RE
|
|
mounts all file systems except those of type
|
|
.I msdos
|
|
and
|
|
.IR ext .
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-o
|
|
Options are specified with a
|
|
.B \-o
|
|
flag followed by a comma separated string of options.
|
|
Some of these options are only useful when they appear in the
|
|
.I /etc/fstab
|
|
file. The following options apply to any file system that is being
|
|
mounted (but not every file system actually honors them - e.g., the
|
|
.B sync
|
|
option today has effect only for ext2, ext3 and ufs):
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B async
|
|
All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B atime
|
|
Update inode access time for each access. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B auto
|
|
Can be mounted with the
|
|
.B \-a
|
|
option.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B defaults
|
|
Use default options:
|
|
.BR rw ", " suid ", " dev ", " exec ", " auto ", " nouser ", and " async.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dev
|
|
Interpret character or block special devices on the file system.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B exec
|
|
Permit execution of binaries.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B noatime
|
|
Do not update inode access times on this file system (e.g, for faster
|
|
access on the news spool to speed up news servers).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B noauto
|
|
Can only be mounted explicitly (i.e., the
|
|
.B \-a
|
|
option will not cause the file system to be mounted).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nodev
|
|
Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file
|
|
system.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B noexec
|
|
Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system.
|
|
This option might be useful for a server that has file systems containing
|
|
binaries for architectures other than its own.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nosuid
|
|
Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take
|
|
effect. (This seems safe, but is in fact rather unsafe if you have
|
|
suidperl(1) installed.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nouser
|
|
Forbid an ordinary (i.e., non-root) user to mount the file system.
|
|
This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B remount
|
|
Attempt to remount an already-mounted file system. This is commonly
|
|
used to change the mount flags for a file system, especially to make a
|
|
readonly file system writeable. It does not change device or mount point.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ro
|
|
Mount the file system read-only.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rw
|
|
Mount the file system read-write.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B suid
|
|
Allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take
|
|
effect.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B sync
|
|
All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B user
|
|
Allow an ordinary user to mount the file system.
|
|
The name of the mounting user is written to mtab so that he can unmount
|
|
the file system again.
|
|
This option implies the options
|
|
.BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev
|
|
(unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line
|
|
.BR user,exec,dev,suid ).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B users
|
|
Allow every user to mount and unmount the file system.
|
|
This option implies the options
|
|
.BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev
|
|
(unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line
|
|
.BR users,exec,dev,suid ).
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-\-bind
|
|
Remount a subtree somewhere else (so that its contents are available
|
|
in both places). See above.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \-\-move
|
|
Move a subtree to some other place. See above.
|
|
|
|
.SH "FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC MOUNT OPTIONS"
|
|
The following options apply only to certain file systems.
|
|
We sort them by file system. They all follow the
|
|
.B \-o
|
|
flag.
|
|
.SH "Mount options for adfs"
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the owner and group of the files in the file system (default: uid=gid=0).
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBownmask=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBothmask=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the permission mask for ADFS 'owner' permissions and 'other' permissions,
|
|
respectively (default: 0700 and 0077, respectively).
|
|
See also
|
|
.IR /usr/src/linux/Documentation/filesystems/adfs.txt .
|
|
.SH "Mount options for affs"
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the owner and group of the root of the file system (default: uid=gid=0,
|
|
but with option
|
|
.B uid
|
|
or
|
|
.B gid
|
|
without specified value, the uid and gid of the current process are taken).
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBsetuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBsetgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the owner and group of all files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI mode= value
|
|
Set the mode of all files to
|
|
.IR value " & 0777"
|
|
disregarding the original permissions.
|
|
Add search permission to directories that have read permission.
|
|
The value is given in octal.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B protect
|
|
Do not allow any changes to the protection bits on the file system.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B usemp
|
|
Set uid and gid of the root of the file system to the uid and gid
|
|
of the mount point upon the first sync or umount, and then
|
|
clear this option. Strange...
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B verbose
|
|
Print an informational message for each successful mount.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI prefix= string
|
|
Prefix used before volume name, when following a link.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI volume= string
|
|
Prefix (of length at most 30) used before '/' when following a symbolic link.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI reserved= value
|
|
(Default: 2.) Number of unused blocks at the start of the device.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI root= value
|
|
Give explicitly the location of the root block.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI bs= value
|
|
Give blocksize. Allowed values are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota
|
|
These options are accepted but ignored.
|
|
(However, quota utilities may react to such strings in
|
|
.IR /etc/fstab .)
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for coherent"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for devpts"
|
|
The devpts file system is a pseudo file system, traditionally mounted on
|
|
.IR /dev/pts .
|
|
In order to acquire a pseudo terminal, a process opens
|
|
.IR /dev/ptmx ;
|
|
the number of the pseudo terminal is then made available to the process
|
|
and the pseudo terminal slave can be accessed as
|
|
.IR /dev/pts/ <number>.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
This sets the owner or the group of newly created PTYs to
|
|
the specified values. When nothing is specified, they will
|
|
be set to the UID and GID of the creating process.
|
|
For example, if there is a tty group with GID 5, then
|
|
.B gid=5
|
|
will cause newly created PTYs to belong to the tty group.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI mode= value
|
|
Set the mode of newly created PTYs to the specified value.
|
|
The default is 0600.
|
|
A value of
|
|
.B mode=620
|
|
and
|
|
.B gid=5
|
|
makes "mesg y" the default on newly created PTYs.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ext"
|
|
None.
|
|
Note that the `ext' file system is obsolete. Don't use it.
|
|
Since Linux version 2.1.21 extfs is no longer part of the kernel source.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ext2"
|
|
The `ext2' file system is the standard Linux file system.
|
|
Due to a kernel bug, it may be mounted with random mount options
|
|
(fixed in Linux 2.0.4).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR bsddf " / " minixdf
|
|
Set the behaviour for the
|
|
.I statfs
|
|
system call. The
|
|
.B minixdf
|
|
behaviour is to return in the
|
|
.I f_blocks
|
|
field the total number of blocks of the file system, while the
|
|
.B bsddf
|
|
behaviour (which is the default) is to subtract the overhead blocks
|
|
used by the ext2 file system and not available for file storage. Thus
|
|
.RE
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
% mount /k -o minixdf; df /k; umount /k
|
|
Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
|
|
/dev/sda6 2630655 86954 2412169 3% /k
|
|
% mount /k -o bsddf; df /k; umount /k
|
|
Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
|
|
/dev/sda6 2543714 13 2412169 0% /k
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
(Note that this example shows that one can add command line options
|
|
to the options given in
|
|
.IR /etc/fstab .)
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR check " / " check=normal " / " check=strict
|
|
Set checking level. When at least one of these options is set (and
|
|
.B check=normal
|
|
is set by default) the inodes and blocks bitmaps are checked upon mount
|
|
(which can take half a minute or so on a big disk, and is rather useless).
|
|
With strict checking, block deallocation checks that the block to free
|
|
is in the data zone.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR check=none " / " nocheck
|
|
No checking is done. This is fast. Recent kernels do not have a
|
|
check option anymore - checking with
|
|
.BR e2fsck (8)
|
|
is more meaningful.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B debug
|
|
Print debugging info upon each (re)mount.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR errors=continue " / " errors=remount-ro " / " errors=panic
|
|
Define the behaviour when an error is encountered.
|
|
(Either ignore errors and just mark the file system erroneous and continue,
|
|
or remount the file system read-only, or panic and halt the system.)
|
|
The default is set in the filesystem superblock, and can be
|
|
changed using
|
|
.BR tune2fs (8).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR grpid " or " bsdgroups " / " nogrpid " or " sysvgroups
|
|
These options define what group id a newly created file gets.
|
|
When
|
|
.BR grpid
|
|
is set, it takes the group id of the directory in which it is created;
|
|
otherwise (the default) it takes the fsgid of the current process, unless
|
|
the directory has the setgid bit set, in which case it takes the gid
|
|
from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set
|
|
if it is a directory itself.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBresgid=\fP\fIn\fP and \fBresuid=\fP\fIn\fP
|
|
The ext2 file system reserves a certain percentage of the available
|
|
space (by default 5%, see
|
|
.BR mke2fs (8)
|
|
and
|
|
.BR tune2fs (8)).
|
|
These options determine who can use the reserved blocks.
|
|
(Roughly: whoever has the specified uid, or belongs to the specified group.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI sb= n
|
|
Instead of block 1, use block
|
|
.I n
|
|
as superblock. This could be useful when the filesystem has been damaged.
|
|
(Earlier, copies of the superblock would be made every 8192 blocks: in
|
|
block 1, 8193, 16385, ... (and one got hundreds or even thousands
|
|
of copies on a big filesystem). Since version 1.08,
|
|
.B mke2fs
|
|
has a \-s (sparse superblock) option to reduce the number of backup
|
|
superblocks, and since version 1.15 this is the default. Note
|
|
that this may mean that ext2 filesystems created by a recent
|
|
.B mke2fs
|
|
cannot be mounted r/w under Linux 2.0.*.)
|
|
The block number here uses 1k units. Thus, if you want to use logical
|
|
block 32768 on a filesystem with 4k blocks, use "sb=131072".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota
|
|
These options are accepted but ignored.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR nouid32
|
|
Disables 32-bit UIDs and GIDs. This is for interoperability with older
|
|
kernels which only store and expect 16-bit values.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ext3"
|
|
The `ext3' file system is version of the ext2 file system which has been
|
|
enhanced with journalling. It supports the same options as ext2 as
|
|
well as the following additions:
|
|
.\" .TP
|
|
.\" .BR abort
|
|
.\" Mount the file system in abort mode, as if a fatal error has occurred.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR journal=update
|
|
Update the ext3 file system's journal to the current format.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR journal=inum
|
|
When a journal already exists, this option is ignored. Otherwise, it
|
|
specifies the number of the inode which will represent the ext3 file system's
|
|
journal file; ext3 will create a new journal, overwriting the old contents
|
|
of the file whose inode number is
|
|
.IR inum .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR noload
|
|
Do not load the ext3 file system's journal on mounting.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR data=journal " / " data=ordered " / " data=writeback
|
|
Specifies the journalling mode for file data. Metadata is always journaled.
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B journal
|
|
All data is committed into the journal prior to being written into the
|
|
main file system.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ordered
|
|
This is the default mode. All data is forced directly out to the main file
|
|
system prior to its metadata being committed to the journal.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B writeback
|
|
Data ordering is not preserved - data may be written into the main
|
|
file system after its metadata has been committed to the journal.
|
|
This is rumoured to be the highest-throughput option. It guarantees
|
|
internal file system integrity, however it can allow old data to appear
|
|
in files after a crash and journal recovery.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for fat"
|
|
(Note:
|
|
.I fat
|
|
is not a separate filesystem, but a common part of the
|
|
.IR msdos ,
|
|
.I umsdos
|
|
and
|
|
.I vfat
|
|
filesystems.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR blocksize=512 " / " blocksize=1024 " / " blocksize=2048
|
|
Set blocksize (default 512).
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid
|
|
of the current process.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI umask= value
|
|
Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are
|
|
.B not
|
|
present). The default is the umask of the current process.
|
|
The value is given in octal.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI check= value
|
|
Three different levels of pickyness can be chosen:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B r[elaxed]
|
|
Upper and lower case are accepted and equivalent, long name parts are
|
|
truncated (e.g.
|
|
.I verylongname.foobar
|
|
becomes
|
|
.IR verylong.foo ),
|
|
leading and embedded spaces are accepted in each name part (name and extension).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B n[ormal]
|
|
Like "relaxed", but many special characters (*, ?, <, spaces, etc.) are
|
|
rejected. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B s[trict]
|
|
Like "normal", but names may not contain long parts and special characters
|
|
that are sometimes used on Linux, but are not accepted by MS-DOS are
|
|
rejected. (+, =, spaces, etc.)
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI codepage= value
|
|
Sets the codepage for converting to shortname characters on FAT
|
|
and VFAT filesystems. By default, codepage 437 is used.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR conv=b[inary] " / " conv=t[ext] " / " conv=a[uto]
|
|
The
|
|
.I fat
|
|
file system can perform CRLF<-->NL (MS-DOS text format to UNIX text
|
|
format) conversion in the kernel. The following conversion modes are
|
|
available:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B binary
|
|
no translation is performed. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B text
|
|
CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B auto
|
|
CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files that don't have a
|
|
"well-known binary" extension. The list of known extensions can be found at
|
|
the beginning of
|
|
.I fs/fat/misc.c
|
|
(as of 2.0, the list is: exe, com, bin, app, sys, drv, ovl, ovr, obj,
|
|
lib, dll, pif, arc, zip, lha, lzh, zoo, tar, z, arj, tz, taz, tzp, tpz,
|
|
gz, tgz, deb, gif, bmp, tif, gl, jpg, pcx, tfm, vf, gf, pk, pxl, dvi).
|
|
.PP
|
|
Programs that do computed lseeks won't like in-kernel text conversion.
|
|
Several people have had their data ruined by this translation. Beware!
|
|
|
|
For file systems mounted in binary mode, a conversion tool
|
|
(fromdos/todos) is available.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI cvf_format= module
|
|
Forces the driver to use the CVF (Compressed Volume File) module
|
|
.RI cvf_ module
|
|
instead of auto-detection. If the kernel supports kmod, the
|
|
cvf_format=xxx option also controls on-demand CVF module loading.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI cvf_option= option
|
|
Option passed to the CVF module.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B debug
|
|
Turn on the
|
|
.I debug
|
|
flag. A version string and a list of file system parameters will be
|
|
printed (these data are also printed if the parameters appear to be
|
|
inconsistent).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR fat=12 " / " fat=16 " / " fat=32
|
|
Specify a 12, 16 or 32 bit fat. This overrides
|
|
the automatic FAT type detection routine. Use with caution!
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI iocharset= value
|
|
Character set to use for converting between 8 bit characters
|
|
and 16 bit Unicode characters. The default is iso8859-1.
|
|
Long filenames are stored on disk in Unicode format.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B quiet
|
|
Turn on the
|
|
.I quiet
|
|
flag. Attempts to chown or chmod files do not return errors,
|
|
although they fail. Use with caution!
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B "sys_immutable, showexec, dots, nodots, dotsOK=[yes|no]"
|
|
Various misguided attempts to force Unix or DOS conventions
|
|
onto a FAT file system.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for hpfs"
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid
|
|
of the current process.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI umask= value
|
|
Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are
|
|
.B not
|
|
present). The default is the umask of the current process.
|
|
The value is given in octal.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR case=lower " / " case=asis
|
|
Convert all files names to lower case, or leave them.
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR case=lower .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR conv=binary " / " conv=text " / " conv=auto
|
|
For
|
|
.BR conv=text ,
|
|
delete some random CRs (in particular, all followed by NL)
|
|
when reading a file.
|
|
For
|
|
.BR conv=auto ,
|
|
choose more or less at random between
|
|
.BR conv=binary " and " conv=text .
|
|
For
|
|
.BR conv=binary ,
|
|
just read what is in the file. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nocheck
|
|
Do not abort mounting when certain consistency checks fail.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for iso9660"
|
|
ISO 9660 is a standard describing a filesystem structure to be used
|
|
on CD-ROMs. (This filesystem type is also seen on some DVDs. See also the
|
|
.I udf
|
|
filesystem.)
|
|
|
|
Normal
|
|
.I iso9660
|
|
filenames appear in a 8.3 format (i.e., DOS-like restrictions on filename
|
|
length), and in addition all characters are in upper case. Also there is
|
|
no field for file ownership, protection, number of links, provision for
|
|
block/character devices, etc.
|
|
|
|
Rock Ridge is an extension to iso9660 that provides all of these unix like
|
|
features. Basically there are extensions to each directory record that
|
|
supply all of the additional information, and when Rock Ridge is in use,
|
|
the filesystem is indistinguishable from a normal UNIX file system (except
|
|
that it is read-only, of course).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B norock
|
|
Disable the use of Rock Ridge extensions, even if available. Cf.\&
|
|
.BR map .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nojoliet
|
|
Disable the use of Microsoft Joliet extensions, even if available. Cf.\&
|
|
.BR map .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR check=r[elaxed] " / " check=s[trict]
|
|
With
|
|
.BR check=relaxed ,
|
|
a filename is first converted to lower case before doing the lookup.
|
|
This is probably only meaningful together with
|
|
.B norock
|
|
and
|
|
.BR map=normal .
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR check=strict .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Give all files in the file system the indicated user or group id,
|
|
possibly overriding the information found in the Rock Ridge extensions.
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR uid=0,gid=0 .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR map=n[ormal] " / " map=o[ff] " / " map=a[corn]
|
|
For non-Rock Ridge volumes, normal name translation maps upper
|
|
to lower case ASCII, drops a trailing `;1', and converts `;' to `.'.
|
|
With
|
|
.B map=off
|
|
no name translation is done. See
|
|
.BR norock .
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR map=normal .)
|
|
.B map=acorn
|
|
is like
|
|
.BR map=normal
|
|
but also apply Acorn extensions if present.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI mode= value
|
|
For non-Rock Ridge volumes, give all files the indicated mode.
|
|
(Default: read permission for everybody.)
|
|
Since Linux 2.1.37 one no longer needs to specify the mode in
|
|
decimal. (Octal is indicated by a leading 0.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B unhide
|
|
Also show hidden and associated files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B block=[512|1024|2048]
|
|
Set the block size to the indicated value.
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR block=1024 .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR conv=a[uto] " / " conv=b[inary] " / " conv=m[text] " / " conv=t[ext]
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR conv=binary .)
|
|
Since Linux 1.3.54 this option has no effect anymore.
|
|
(And non-binary settings used to be very dangerous,
|
|
possibly leading to silent data corruption.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B cruft
|
|
If the high byte of the file length contains other garbage,
|
|
set this mount option to ignore the high order bits of the file length.
|
|
This implies that a file cannot be larger than 16MB.
|
|
The `cruft' option is set automatically if the entire CDROM
|
|
has a weird size (negative, or more than 800MB). It is also
|
|
set when volume sequence numbers other than 0 or 1 are seen.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B session=x
|
|
Select number of session on multisession CD. (Since 2.3.4.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B sbsector=xxx
|
|
Session begins from sector xxx. (Since 2.3.4.)
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for minix"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for msdos"
|
|
See mount options for fat.
|
|
If the
|
|
.I msdos
|
|
file system detects an inconsistency, it reports an error and sets the file
|
|
system read-only. The file system can be made writeable again by remounting
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ncp"
|
|
Just like
|
|
.IR nfs ", the " ncp
|
|
implementation expects a binary argument (a
|
|
.IR "struct ncp_mount_data" )
|
|
to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by
|
|
.BR ncpmount (8)
|
|
and the current version of
|
|
.B mount
|
|
(2.6h) does not know anything about ncp.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for nfs"
|
|
Instead of a textual option string, parsed by the kernel, the
|
|
.I nfs
|
|
file system expects a binary argument of type
|
|
.IR "struct nfs_mount_data" .
|
|
The program
|
|
.B mount
|
|
itself parses the following options of the form `tag=value',
|
|
and puts them in the structure mentioned:
|
|
.BI rsize= n,
|
|
.BI wsize= n,
|
|
.BI timeo= n,
|
|
.BI retrans= n,
|
|
.BI acregmin= n,
|
|
.BI acregmax= n,
|
|
.BI acdirmin= n,
|
|
.BI acdirmax= n,
|
|
.BI actimeo= n,
|
|
.BI retry= n,
|
|
.BI port= n,
|
|
.BI mountport= n,
|
|
.BI mounthost= name,
|
|
.BI mountprog= n,
|
|
.BI mountvers= n,
|
|
.BI nfsprog= n,
|
|
.BI nfsvers= n,
|
|
.BI namlen= n.
|
|
The option
|
|
.BI addr= n
|
|
is accepted but ignored.
|
|
Also the following Boolean options, possibly preceded by
|
|
.B no
|
|
are recognized:
|
|
.BR bg ,
|
|
.BR fg ,
|
|
.BR soft ,
|
|
.BR hard ,
|
|
.BR intr ,
|
|
.BR posix ,
|
|
.BR cto ,
|
|
.BR ac ,
|
|
.BR tcp ,
|
|
.BR udp ,
|
|
.BR lock .
|
|
For details, see
|
|
.BR nfs (5).
|
|
|
|
Especially useful options include
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rsize=8192,wsize=8192
|
|
This will make your nfs connection much faster than with the default
|
|
buffer size of 1024. (NFSv2 does not work with larger values of
|
|
.B rsize
|
|
and
|
|
.BR wsize .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B hard
|
|
The program accessing a file on a NFS mounted file system will hang
|
|
when the server crashes. The process cannot be interrupted or
|
|
killed unless you also specify
|
|
.BR intr .
|
|
When the NFS server is back online the program will continue undisturbed
|
|
from where it was. This is probably what you want.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B soft
|
|
This option allows the kernel to time out if the nfs server is not
|
|
responding for some time. The time can be
|
|
specified with
|
|
.BR timeo=time .
|
|
This option might be useful if your nfs server sometimes doesn't respond
|
|
or will be rebooted while some process tries to get a file from the server.
|
|
Usually it just causes lots of trouble.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nolock
|
|
Do not use locking. Do not start lockd.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ntfs"
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI iocharset= name
|
|
Character set to use when returning file names.
|
|
Unlike VFAT, NTFS suppresses names that contain
|
|
unconvertible characters.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR utf8
|
|
Use UTF-8 for converting file names.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B uni_xlate=[0|1|2]
|
|
For 0 (or `no' or `false'), do not use escape sequences
|
|
for unknown Unicode characters.
|
|
For 1 (or `yes' or `true') or 2, use vfat-style 4-byte escape sequences
|
|
starting with ":". Here 2 give a little-endian encoding
|
|
and 1 a byteswapped bigendian encoding.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B posix=[0|1]
|
|
If enabled (posix=1), the file system distinguishes between
|
|
upper and lower case. The 8.3 alias names are presented as
|
|
hard links instead of being suppressed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP, \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBumask=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the file permission on the filesystem.
|
|
By default, the files are owned by root and not readable by somebody else.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for proc"
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
These options are recognized, but have no effect as far as I can see.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for reiserfs"
|
|
Reiserfs is a journaling filesystem.
|
|
The reiserfs mount options are more fully described at
|
|
.IR http://www.namesys.com/mount-options.html .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR conv
|
|
Instructs version 3.6 reiserfs software to mount a version 3.5 file system,
|
|
using the 3.6 format for newly created objects. This file system will no
|
|
longer be compatible with reiserfs 3.5 tools.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR hash=rupasov " / " hash=tea " / " hash=r5 " / " hash=detect
|
|
Choose which hash function reiserfs will use to find files within directories.
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rupasov
|
|
A hash invented by Yury Yu. Rupasov. It is fast and preserves locality,
|
|
mapping lexicographically close file names to close hash values.
|
|
This option should not be used, as it causes a high probability of hash
|
|
collisions.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tea
|
|
A Davis-Meyer function implemented by Jeremy Fitzhardinge.
|
|
It uses hash permuting bits in the name. It gets high randomness
|
|
and, therefore, low probability of hash collisions at come CPU cost.
|
|
This may be used if EHASHCOLLISION errors are experienced with the r5 hash.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B r5
|
|
A modified version of the rupasov hash. It is used by default and is
|
|
the best choice unless the file system has huge directories and
|
|
unusual file-name patterns.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B detect
|
|
Instructs
|
|
.IR mount
|
|
to detect which hash function is in use by examining
|
|
the file system being mounted, and to write this information into
|
|
the reiserfs superblock. This is only useful on the first mount of
|
|
an old format file system.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR hashed_relocation
|
|
Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements
|
|
in some situations.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR no_unhashed_relocation
|
|
Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements
|
|
in some situations.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR noborder
|
|
Disable the border allocator algorithm invented by Yury Yu. Rupasov.
|
|
This may provide performance improvements in some situations.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR nolog
|
|
Disable journalling. This will provide slight performance improvements in
|
|
some situations at the cost of losing reiserfs's fast recovery from crashes.
|
|
Even with this option turned on, reiserfs still performs all journalling
|
|
operations, save for actual writes into its journalling area. Implementation
|
|
of
|
|
.IR nolog
|
|
is a work in progress.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR notail
|
|
By default, reiserfs stores small files and `file tails' directly into its
|
|
tree. This confuses some utilities such as
|
|
.BR LILO (8) .
|
|
This option is used to disable packing of files into the tree.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR replayonly
|
|
Replay the transactions which are in the journal, but do not actually
|
|
mount the file system. Mainly used by
|
|
.IR reiserfsck .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI resize= number
|
|
A remount option which permits online expansion of reiserfs partitions.
|
|
Instructs reiserfs to assume that the device has
|
|
.I number
|
|
blocks.
|
|
This option is designed for use with devices which are under logical
|
|
volume management (LVM).
|
|
There is a special
|
|
.I resizer
|
|
utility which can be obtained from
|
|
.IR ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs .
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for romfs"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for smbfs"
|
|
Just like
|
|
.IR nfs ", the " smb
|
|
implementation expects a binary argument (a
|
|
.IR "struct smb_mount_data" )
|
|
to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by
|
|
.BR smbmount (8)
|
|
and the current version of
|
|
.B mount
|
|
(2.9w) does not know anything about smb.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for sysv"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for tmpfs"
|
|
The following parameters accept a suffix
|
|
.BR k ,
|
|
.B m
|
|
or
|
|
.B g
|
|
for Ki, Mi, Gi (binary kilo, mega and giga) and can be changed on remount.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI size= nbytes
|
|
Override default size of the filesystem.
|
|
The size is given in bytes, and rounded down to entire pages.
|
|
The default is half of the memory.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nr_blocks=
|
|
Set number of blocks.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nr_inodes=
|
|
Set number of inodes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B mode=
|
|
Set initial permissions of the root directory.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for udf"
|
|
udf is the "Universal Disk Format" filesystem defined by the Optical
|
|
Storage Technology Association, and is often used for DVD-ROM.
|
|
See also
|
|
.IR iso9660 .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B gid=
|
|
Set the default group.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B umask=
|
|
Set the default umask.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B uid=
|
|
Set the default user.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B unhide
|
|
Show otherwise hidden files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B undelete
|
|
Show deleted files in lists.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B strict
|
|
Set strict conformance (unused).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B utf8
|
|
(unused).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B iocharset
|
|
(unused).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B bs=
|
|
Set the block size. (May not work unless 2048.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B novrs
|
|
Skip volume sequence recognition.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B session=
|
|
Set the CDROM session counting from 0. Default: last session.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B anchor=
|
|
Override standard anchor location. Default: 256.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B volume=
|
|
Override the VolumeDesc location. (unused)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B partition=
|
|
Override the PartitionDesc location. (unused)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B lastblock=
|
|
Set the last block of the filesystem.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B fileset=
|
|
Override the fileset block location. (unused)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rootdir=
|
|
Override the root directory location. (unused)
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ufs"
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI ufstype= value
|
|
UFS is a file system widely used in different operating systems.
|
|
The problem are differences among implementations. Features of some
|
|
implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize the
|
|
type of ufs automatically.
|
|
That's why the user must specify the type of ufs by mount option.
|
|
Possible values are:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B old
|
|
Old format of ufs, this is the default, read only.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B 44bsd
|
|
For filesystems created by a BSD-like system (NetBSD,FreeBSD,OpenBSD).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B sun
|
|
For filesystems created by SunOS or Solaris on Sparc.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B sunx86
|
|
For filesystems created by Solaris on x86.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nextstep
|
|
For filesystems created by NeXTStep (on NeXT station) (currently read only).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nextstep-cd
|
|
For NextStep CDROMs (block_size == 2048), read-only.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B openstep
|
|
For filesystems created by OpenStep (currently read only).
|
|
The same filesystem type is also used by Mac OS X.
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI onerror= value
|
|
Set behaviour on error:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B panic
|
|
If an error is encountered, cause a kernel panic.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B [lock|umount|repair]
|
|
These mount options don't do anything at present;
|
|
when an error is encountered only a console message is printed.
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for umsdos"
|
|
See mount options for msdos.
|
|
The
|
|
.B dotsOK
|
|
option is explicitly killed by
|
|
.IR umsdos .
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for vfat"
|
|
First of all, the mount options for
|
|
.I fat
|
|
are recognized.
|
|
The
|
|
.B dotsOK
|
|
option is explicitly killed by
|
|
.IR vfat .
|
|
Furthermore, there are
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B uni_xlate
|
|
Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special escaped sequences.
|
|
This lets you backup and restore filenames that are created with any
|
|
Unicode characters. Without this option, a '?' is used when no
|
|
translation is possible. The escape character is ':' because it is
|
|
otherwise illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence
|
|
that gets used, where u is the unicode character,
|
|
is: ':', (u & 0x3f), ((u>>6) & 0x3f), (u>>12).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B posix
|
|
Allow two files with names that only differ in case.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nonumtail
|
|
First try to make a short name without sequence number,
|
|
before trying
|
|
.IR name~num.ext .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B utf8
|
|
UTF8 is the filesystem safe 8-bit encoding of Unicode that is used
|
|
by the console. It can be be enabled for the filesystem with this option.
|
|
If `uni_xlate' gets set, UTF8 gets disabled.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B shortname=[lower|win95|winnt|mixed]
|
|
Option (available since 2.4.13) that sets how short filenames are to be
|
|
created and displayed.
|
|
.nf
|
|
lower = display lower, create win95 filenames
|
|
win95 = display win95, create win95 filenames
|
|
winnt = display winnt, create winnt filenames
|
|
mixed = display winnt, create win95 filenames
|
|
.fi
|
|
Default is "lower".
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for xenix"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for xfs"
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI biosize= size
|
|
Sets the preferred buffered I/O size (default size is 64K).
|
|
.I size
|
|
must be expressed as the logarithm (base2) of the desired I/O size.
|
|
Valid values for this option are 14 through 16, inclusive
|
|
(i.e. 16K, 32K, and 64K bytes).
|
|
On machines with a 4K pagesize, 13 (8K bytes) is also a valid
|
|
.IR size .
|
|
The preferred buffered I/O size can also be altered on an individual
|
|
file basis using the
|
|
.BR ioctl (2)
|
|
system call.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dmapi " / " xdsm
|
|
Enable the DMAPI (Data Management API) event callouts.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI logbufs= value
|
|
Set the number of in-memory log buffers.
|
|
Valid numbers range from 2-8 inclusive.
|
|
The default value is 8 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 64K,
|
|
4 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 32K,
|
|
3 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 16K,
|
|
and 2 buffers for all other configurations.
|
|
Increasing the number of buffers may increase performance on
|
|
some workloads at the cost of the memory used for the
|
|
additional log buffers and their associated control structures.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI logbsize= value
|
|
Set the size of each in-memory log buffer.
|
|
Valid sizes are 16384 (16K) and 32768 (32K).
|
|
The default value for machines with more than 32MB of memory is 32768,
|
|
machines with less memory use 16384 by default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBlogdev=\fP\fIdevice\fP and \fBrtdev=\fP\fIdevice\fP
|
|
Use an external log (metadata journal) and/or real-time device.
|
|
An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log section,
|
|
and a real-time section.
|
|
The real-time section is optional, and the log section can be separate
|
|
from the data section or contained within it.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.BR xfs (5).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B noalign
|
|
Data allocations will not be aligned at stripe unit boundaries.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B noatime
|
|
Access timestamps are not updated when a file is read.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B norecovery
|
|
The filesystem will be mounted without running log recovery.
|
|
If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to
|
|
be inconsistent when mounted in
|
|
.B norecovery
|
|
mode.
|
|
Some files or directories may not be accessible because of this.
|
|
Filesystems mounted
|
|
.B norecovery
|
|
must be mounted read-only or the mount will fail.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B osyncisdsync
|
|
Make writes to files opened with the O_SYNC flag set behave
|
|
as if the O_DSYNC flag had been used instead.
|
|
This can result in better performance without compromising
|
|
data safety.
|
|
However if this option is in effect, timestamp updates from
|
|
O_SYNC writes can be lost if the system crashes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR quota " / " usrquota " / " uqnoenforce
|
|
User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally) enforced.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR grpquota " / " gqnoenforce
|
|
Group disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally) enforced.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBsunit=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBswidth=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Used to specify the stripe unit and width for a RAID device or a stripe
|
|
volume.
|
|
.I value
|
|
must be specified in 512-byte block units.
|
|
If this option is not specified and the filesystem was made on a stripe
|
|
volume or the stripe width or unit were specified for the RAID device at
|
|
mkfs time, then the mount system call will restore the value from the
|
|
superblock.
|
|
For filesystems that are made directly on RAID devices, these options can be
|
|
used to override the information in the superblock if the underlying disk
|
|
layout changes after the filesystem has been created.
|
|
The
|
|
.B swidth
|
|
option is required if the
|
|
.B sunit
|
|
option has been specified,
|
|
and must be a multiple of the
|
|
.B sunit
|
|
value.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for xiafs"
|
|
None. Although nothing is wrong with xiafs, it is not used much,
|
|
and is not maintained. Probably one shouldn't use it.
|
|
Since Linux version 2.1.21 xiafs is no longer part of the kernel source.
|
|
|
|
.SH "THE LOOP DEVICE"
|
|
One further possible type is a mount via the loop device. For example,
|
|
the command
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B " mount /tmp/fdimage /mnt -t msdos -o loop=/dev/loop3,blocksize=1024"
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
will set up the loop device
|
|
.I /dev/loop3
|
|
to correspond to the file
|
|
.IR /tmp/fdimage ,
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|
and then mount this device on
|
|
.IR /mnt .
|
|
This type of mount knows about three options, namely
|
|
.BR loop ", " offset " and " encryption ,
|
|
that are really options to
|
|
.BR losetup (8).
|
|
If no explicit loop device is mentioned
|
|
(but just an option `\fB\-o loop\fP' is given), then
|
|
.B mount
|
|
will try to find some unused loop device and use that.
|
|
If you are not so unwise as to make
|
|
.I /etc/mtab
|
|
a symbolic link to
|
|
.I /proc/mounts
|
|
then any loop device allocated by
|
|
.B mount
|
|
will be freed by
|
|
.BR umount .
|
|
You can also free a loop device by hand, using `losetup -d', see
|
|
.BR losetup (8).
|
|
|
|
.SH RETURN CODES
|
|
.B mount
|
|
has the following return codes (the bits can be ORed):
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 0
|
|
success
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 1
|
|
incorrect invocation or permissions
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 2
|
|
system error (out of memory, cannot fork, no more loop devices)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 4
|
|
internal
|
|
.B mount
|
|
bug or missing
|
|
.BR nfs
|
|
support in
|
|
.B mount
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 8
|
|
user interrupt
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 16
|
|
problems writing or locking /etc/mtab
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 32
|
|
mount failure
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR 64
|
|
some mount succeeded
|
|
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.I /etc/fstab
|
|
file system table
|
|
.br
|
|
.I /etc/mtab
|
|
table of mounted file systems
|
|
.br
|
|
.I /etc/mtab~
|
|
lock file
|
|
.br
|
|
.I /etc/mtab.tmp
|
|
temporary file
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.BR mount (2),
|
|
.BR umount (2),
|
|
.BR fstab (5),
|
|
.BR umount (8),
|
|
.BR swapon (8),
|
|
.BR nfs (5),
|
|
.BR xfs (5),
|
|
.BR e2label (8),
|
|
.BR xfs_admin (8),
|
|
.BR mountd (8),
|
|
.BR nfsd (8),
|
|
.BR mke2fs (8),
|
|
.BR tune2fs (8),
|
|
.BR losetup (8)
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Some Linux file systems don't support
|
|
.B "\-o sync"
|
|
(the ext2 and ext3 file systems
|
|
.I do
|
|
support synchronous updates (a la BSD) when mounted with the
|
|
.B sync
|
|
option).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
.B "\-o remount"
|
|
may not be able to change mount parameters (all
|
|
.IR ext2fs -specific
|
|
parameters, except
|
|
.BR sb ,
|
|
are changeable with a remount, for example, but you can't change
|
|
.B gid
|
|
or
|
|
.B umask
|
|
for the
|
|
.IR fatfs ).
|
|
.SH HISTORY
|
|
A
|
|
.B mount
|
|
command existed in Version 5 AT&T UNIX.
|