996 lines
26 KiB
Groff
996 lines
26 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Andries Brouwer
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.\"
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.\" This page is somewhat derived from a page that was
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.\" (c) 1980, 1989, 1991 The Regents of the University of California
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.\" and had been heavily modified by Rik Faith and myself.
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.\" (Probably no BSD text remains.)
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.\" Fragments of text were written by Werner Almesberger, Remy Card,
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.\" Stephen Tweedie and Eric Youngdale.
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.\"
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.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
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.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
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.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
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.\" USA.
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.\"
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.\" 960705, aeb: version for mount-2.5k
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.\" 970114, aeb: xiafs and ext are dead; romfs is new
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.\" 970623, aeb: -F option
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.\"
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.TH MOUNT 8 "5 July 1996" "Linux 2.0" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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mount \- mount a file system
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.BI "mount [\-hV]"
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.LP
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.BI "mount \-a [\-fFnrvw] [\-t " vfstype ]
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.br
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.BI "mount [\-fnrvw] [\-o " options " [,...]] " "device " | " dir"
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.br
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.BI "mount [\-fnrvw] [\-t " vfstype "] [\-o " options "] " "device dir"
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big
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tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at
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.BR / .
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These files can be spread out over several devices. The
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.B mount
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command serves to attach the file system found on some device
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to the big file tree. Conversely, the
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.BR umount (8)
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command will detach it again.
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The standard form of the
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.B mount
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command, is
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.RS
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.br
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.BI "mount \-t" " type device dir"
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.RE
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This tells the kernel to attach the file system found on
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.I device
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(which is of type
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.IR type )
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at the directory
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.IR dir .
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The previous contents (if any) and owner and mode of
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.I dir
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become invisible, and as long as this file system remains mounted,
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the pathname
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.I dir
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refers to the root of the file system on
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.IR device .
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Three forms of invocation do not actually mount anything:
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.RS
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.br
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.B "mount \-h"
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.RE
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prints a help message;
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.RS
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.br
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.B "mount \-V"
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.RE
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prints a version string; and just
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.RS
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.BI "mount [-t" " type" ]
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.RE
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lists all mounted file systems (of type
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.IR type )
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- see below.
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The
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.I proc
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file system is not associated with a special device, and when
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mounting it, an arbitrary keyword, such as
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.I proc
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can be used instead of a device specification.
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(The customary choice
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.I none
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is less fortunate: the error message `none busy' from
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.B umount
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can be confusing.)
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Most devices are indicated by a file name (of a block special device), like
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.IR /dev/sda1 ,
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but there are other possibilities. For example, in the case of an NFS mount,
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.I device
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may look like
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.IR knuth.cwi.nl:/dir .
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The file
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.I /etc/fstab
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(see
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.BR fstab (5)),
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may contain lines describing what devices are usually
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mounted where, using which options. This file is used in three ways:
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.LP
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(i) The command
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.RS
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.br
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.BI "mount \-a [-t" " type" ]
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.RE
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(usually given in a bootscript) causes all file systems mentioned in
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.I fstab
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(of the proper type) to be mounted as indicated, except for those
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whose line contains the
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.B noauto
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keyword. Adding the
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.B \-F
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option will make mount fork, so that the
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filesystems are mounted simultaneously.
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.LP
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(ii) When mounting a file system mentioned in
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.IR fstab ,
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it suffices to give only the device, or only the mount point.
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.LP
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(iii) Normally, only the superuser can mount file systems.
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However, when
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.I fstab
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contains the
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.B user
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option on a line, then anybody can mount the corresponding system.
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.LP
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Thus, given a line
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.RS
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.br
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.B "/dev/cdrom /cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide"
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.RE
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any user can mount the iso9660 file system found on his CDROM
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using the command
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.RS
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.br
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.B "mount /dev/cdrom"
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.RE
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or
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.RS
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.br
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.B "mount /cd"
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.RE
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For more details, see
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.BR fstab (5).
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The programs
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.B mount
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and
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.B umount
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maintain a list of currently mounted file systems in the file
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.IR /etc/mtab .
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If no arguments are given to
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.BR mount ,
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this list is printed.
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When the
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.I proc
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filesystem is mounted (say at
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.IR /proc ),
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the files
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.I /etc/mtab
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and
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.I /proc/mounts
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have very similar contents. The former has somewhat
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more information, such as the mount options used,
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but is not necessarily up-to-date (cf. the
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.B \-n
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option below). It is possible to replace
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.I /etc/mtab
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by a symbolic link to
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.IR /proc/mounts ,
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but some information is lost that way, and in particular
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working with the loop device will be less convenient.
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.SH OPTIONS
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The full set of options used by an invocation of
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.B mount
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is determined by first extracting the
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options for the file system from the
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.I fstab
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table, then applying any options specified by the
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.B \-o
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argument, and finally applying a
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.BR \-r " or " \-w
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option, when present.
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Options available for the
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.B mount
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command:
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.TP
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.B \-V
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Output version.
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.TP
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.B \-h
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Print a help message.
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.TP
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.B \-v
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Verbose mode.
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.TP
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.B \-a
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Mount all filesystems (of the given types) mentioned in
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.IR fstab .
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.TP
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.B \-F
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(Used in conjunction with
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.BR \-a .)
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Fork off a new incarnation of mount for each device.
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This will do the mounts on different devices in parallel.
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This has the advantage that it is faster; also NFS timeouts go in
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parallel. A disadvantage is that the mounts are done in undefined order.
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Thus, you cannot use this option if you want to mount both
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.I /usr
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and
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.IR /usr/spool .
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.TP
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.B \-f
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Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call; if it's not
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obvious, this ``fakes'' mounting the file system. This option is useful in
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conjunction with the
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.B \-v
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flag to determine what the
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.B mount
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command is trying to do. It can also be used to add entries for devices
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that were mounted earlier with the -n option.
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.TP
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.B \-n
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Mount without writing in
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.IR /etc/mtab .
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This is necessary for example when
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.I /etc
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is on a read-only file system.
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.TP
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.B \-r
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Mount the file system read-only. A synonym is
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.BR "\-o ro" .
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.TP
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.B \-w
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Mount the file system read/write. This is the default. A synonym is
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.BR "\-o rw" .
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.TP
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.BI \-t " vfstype"
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The argument following the
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.B \-t
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is used to indicate the file system type. The file system types which are
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currently supported are listed in
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.IR linux/fs/filesystems.c :
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.IR minix ", " ext ", " ext2 ", " xiafs ", " hpfs ,
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.IR msdos ", " umsdos ", " vfat ,
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.IR proc ", " nfs ", " iso9660 ", " smbfs ", " ncpfs ,
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.IR affs ", " ufs ", " romfs ,
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.IR sysv ", " xenix ", " coherent .
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Note that the last three are equivalent and that
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.I xenix
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and
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.I coherent
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will be removed at some point in the future \(em use
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.I sysv
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instead. Since kernel version 2.1.21 the types
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.I ext
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and
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.I xiafs
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do not exist anymore.
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The type
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.I iso9660
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is the default. If no
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.B \-t
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option is given, or if the
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.B auto
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type is specified, the superblock is probed for the filesystem type
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.RI ( minix ", " ext ", " ext2 ", " xiafs ", " iso9660 ", " romfs
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are supported).
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If this probe fails and
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.I /proc/filesystems
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exists, then all of the filesystems listed there will be tried,
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except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g.,
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.I proc
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and
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.IR nfs ).
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Note that the
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.B auto
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type may be useful for user-mounted floppies.
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Warning: the probing uses a heuristic (the presence of appropriate `magic'),
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and could recognize the wrong filesystem type.
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More than one type may be specified in a comma separated
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list. The list of file system types can be prefixed with
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.B no
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to specify the file system types on which no action should be taken.
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(This can be meaningful with the
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.B \-a
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option.)
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For example, the command:
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.RS
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.RS
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.B "mount \-a \-t nomsdos,ext"
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.RE
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mounts all file systems except those of type
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.I msdos
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and
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.IR ext .
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.RE
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.TP
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.B \-o
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Options are specified with a
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.B \-o
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flag followed by a comma separated string of options.
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Some of these options are only useful when they appear in the
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.I /etc/fstab
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file. The following options apply to any file system that is being
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mounted:
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.RS
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.TP
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.B async
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All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously.
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.TP
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.B atime
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Update inode access time for each access. This is the default.
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.TP
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.B auto
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Can be mounted with the
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.B \-a
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option.
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.TP
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.B defaults
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Use default options:
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.BR rw ", " suid ", " dev ", " exec ", " auto ", " nouser ", and " async.
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.TP
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.B dev
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Interpret character or block special devices on the file system.
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.TP
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.B exec
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Permit execution of binaries.
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.TP
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.B noatime
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Do not update inode access times on this file system (e.g, for faster
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access on the news spool to speed up news servers).
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.TP
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.B noauto
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Can only be mounted explicitly (i.e., the
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.B \-a
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option will not cause the file system to be mounted).
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.TP
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.B nodev
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Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file
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system.
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.TP
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.B noexec
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Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system.
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This option might be useful for a server that has file systems containing
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binaries for architectures other than its own.
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.TP
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.B nosuid
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Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take
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effect.
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.TP
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.B nouser
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Forbid an ordinary (i.e., non-root) user to mount the file system.
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This is the default.
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.TP
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.B remount
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Attempt to remount an already-mounted file system. This is commonly
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used to change the mount flags for a file system, especially to make a
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readonly file system writeable.
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.TP
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.B ro
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Mount the file system read-only.
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.TP
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.B rw
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Mount the file system read-write.
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.TP
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.B suid
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Allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take
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effect.
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.TP
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.B sync
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All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously.
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.TP
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.B user
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Allow an ordinary user to mount the file system. This option implies
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the options
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.BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev
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(unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line
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.BR user,exec,dev,suid ).
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.RE
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.SH "FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC MOUNT OPTIONS"
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The following options apply only to certain file systems.
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We sort them by file system. They all follow the
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.B \-o
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flag.
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.SH "Mount options for affs"
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.TP
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\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
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Set the owner and group of the root of the file system (default: uid=gid=0,
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but with option
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.B uid
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or
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.B gid
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without specified value, the uid and gid of the current process are taken).
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.TP
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\fBsetuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBsetgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
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Set the owner and group of all files.
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.TP
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.BI mode= value
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Set the mode of all files to
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.IR value " & 0777"
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disregarding the original permissions.
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Add search permission to directories that have read permission.
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The value is given in octal.
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.TP
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.B protect
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Do not allow any changes to the protection bits on the file system.
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.TP
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.B usemp
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Set uid and gid of the root of the file system to the uid and gid
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of the mount point upon the first sync or umount, and then
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clear this option. Strange...
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.TP
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.B verbose
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Print an informational message for each successful mount.
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.TP
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.BI prefix= string
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Prefix used before volume name, when following a link.
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.TP
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.BI volume= string
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Prefix (of length at most 30) used before '/' when following a symbolic link.
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.TP
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.BI reserved= value
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(Default: 2.) Number of unused blocks at the start of the device.
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.TP
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.BI root= value
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Give explicitly the location of the root block.
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.TP
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.BI bs= value
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Give blocksize. Allowed values are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096.
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.TP
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.BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota
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These options are accepted but ignored.
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.SH "Mount options for coherent"
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None.
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.SH "Mount options for ext"
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None.
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Note that the `ext' file system is obsolete. Don't use it.
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Since Linux version 2.1.21 extfs is no longer part of the kernel source.
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.SH "Mount options for ext2"
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The `ext2' file system is the standard Linux file system.
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Due to a kernel bug, it may be mounted with random mount options
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(fixed in Linux 2.0.4).
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.TP
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.BR bsddf " / " minixdf
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Set the behaviour for the
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.I statfs
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system call. The
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.B minixdf
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behaviour is to return in the
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.I f_blocks
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field the total number of blocks of the file system, while the
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.B bsddf
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behaviour (which is the default) is to subtract the overhead blocks
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used by the ext2 file system and not available for file storage. Thus
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.RE
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.nf
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% mount /k -o minixdf; df /k; umount /k
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Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
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/dev/sda6 2630655 86954 2412169 3% /k
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% mount /k -o bsddf; df /k; umount /k
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Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
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/dev/sda6 2543714 13 2412169 0% /k
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.fi
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(Note that this example shows that one can add command line options
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to the options given in
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.IR /etc/fstab .)
|
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|
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.TP
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.BR check " / " check=normal " / " check=strict
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Set checking level. When at least one of these options is set (and
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.B check=normal
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is set by default) the inodes and blocks bitmaps are checked upon mount
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(which can take half a minute or so on a big disk).
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|
With strict checking, block deallocation checks that the block to free
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is in the data zone.
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.TP
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.BR check=none " / " nocheck
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No checking is done.
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.TP
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.B debug
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Print debugging info upon each (re)mount.
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.TP
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.BR errors=continue " / " errors=remount-ro " / " errors=panic
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Define the behaviour when an error is encountered.
|
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(Either ignore errors and just mark the file system erroneous and continue,
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or remount the file system read-only, or panic and halt the system.)
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|
The default is set in the filesystem superblock, and can be
|
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changed using
|
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.BR tune2fs (8).
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.TP
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|
.BR grpid " or " bsdgroups " / " nogrpid " or " sysvgroups
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|
These options define what group id a newly created file gets.
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|
When
|
|
.BR grpid
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is set, it takes the group id of the directory in which it is created;
|
|
otherwise (the default) it takes the fsgid of the current process, unless
|
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the directory has the setgid bit set, in which case it takes the gid
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from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set
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if it is a directory itself.
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.TP
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\fBresgid=\fP\fIn\fP and \fBresuid=\fP\fIn\fP
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|
The ext2 file system reserves a certain percentage of the available
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space (by default 5%, see
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.BR mke2fs (8)
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|
and
|
|
.BR tune2fs (8)).
|
|
These options determine who can use the reserved blocks.
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|
(Roughly: whoever has the specified uid, or belongs to the specified group.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI sb= n
|
|
Instead of block 1, use block
|
|
.I n
|
|
as superblock. This could be useful when the filesystem has been damaged.
|
|
Usually, copies of the superblock are found every 8192 blocks: in
|
|
block 1, 8193, 16385, ...
|
|
(Thus, one gets hundreds or even thousands of copies of the superblock
|
|
on a big filesystem. I do not know of options to mke2fs that would
|
|
cause fewer copies to be written.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota
|
|
These options are accepted but ignored.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for fat"
|
|
(Note:
|
|
.I fat
|
|
is not a separate filesystem, but a common part of the
|
|
.IR msdos ,
|
|
.I umsdos
|
|
and
|
|
.I vfat
|
|
filesystems.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR blocksize=512 " / " blocksize=1024
|
|
Set blocksize (default 512).
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid
|
|
of the current process.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI umask= value
|
|
Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are
|
|
.B not
|
|
present). The default is the umask of the current process.
|
|
The value is given in octal.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI check= value
|
|
Three different levels of pickyness can be chosen:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B r[elaxed]
|
|
Upper and lower case are accepted and equivalent, long name parts are
|
|
truncated (e.g.
|
|
.I verylongname.foobar
|
|
becomes
|
|
.IR verylong.foo ),
|
|
leading and embedded spaces are accepted in each name part (name and extension).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B n[ormal]
|
|
Like "relaxed", but many special characters (*, ?, <, spaces, etc.) are
|
|
rejected. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B s[trict]
|
|
Like "normal", but names may not contain long parts and special characters
|
|
that are sometimes used on Linux, but are not accepted by MS-DOS are
|
|
rejected. (+, =, spaces, etc.)
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR conv=b[inary] " / " conv=t[ext] " / " conv=a[uto]
|
|
The
|
|
.I fat
|
|
file system can perform CRLF<-->NL (MS-DOS text format to UNIX text
|
|
format) conversion in the kernel. The following conversion modes are
|
|
available:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B binary
|
|
no translation is performed. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B text
|
|
CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B auto
|
|
CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files that don't have a
|
|
"well-known binary" extension. The list of known extensions can be found at
|
|
the beginning of
|
|
.I fs/fat/misc.c
|
|
(as of 2.0, the list is: exe, com, bin, app, sys, drv, ovl, ovr, obj,
|
|
lib, dll, pif, arc, zip, lha, lzh, zoo, tar, z, arj, tz, taz, tzp, tpz,
|
|
gz, tgz, deb, gif, bmp, tif, gl, jpg, pcx, tfm, vf, gf, pk, pxl, dvi).
|
|
.PP
|
|
Programs that do computed lseeks won't like in-kernel text conversion.
|
|
Several people have had their data ruined by this translation. Beware!
|
|
|
|
For file systems mounted in binary mode, a conversion tool
|
|
(fromdos/todos) is available.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B debug
|
|
Turn on the
|
|
.I debug
|
|
flag. A version string and a list of file system parameters will be
|
|
printed (these data are also printed if the parameters appear to be
|
|
inconsistent).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR fat=12 " / " fat=16
|
|
Specify either a 12 bit fat or a 16 bit fat. This overrides
|
|
the automatic FAT type detection routine. Use with caution!
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B quiet
|
|
Turn on the
|
|
.I quiet
|
|
flag. Attempts to chown or chmod files do not return errors,
|
|
although they fail. Use with caution!
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B "sys_immutable, showexec, dots, nodots, dotsOK=[yes|no]"
|
|
Various misguided attempts to force Unix or DOS conventions
|
|
onto a FAT file system.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for hpfs"
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid
|
|
of the current process.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI umask= value
|
|
Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are
|
|
.B not
|
|
present). The default is the umask of the current process.
|
|
The value is given in octal.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR case=lower " / " case=asis
|
|
Convert all files names to lower case, or leave them.
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR case=lower .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR conv=binary " / " conv=text " / " conv=auto
|
|
For
|
|
.BR conv=text ,
|
|
delete some random CRs (in particular, all followed by NL)
|
|
when reading a file.
|
|
For
|
|
.BR conv=auto ,
|
|
choose more or less at random between
|
|
.BR conv=binary " and " conv=text .
|
|
For
|
|
.BR conv=binary ,
|
|
just read what is in the file. This is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nocheck
|
|
Do not abort mounting when certain consistency checks fail.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for iso9660"
|
|
Normal
|
|
.I iso9660
|
|
filenames appear in a 8.3 format (i.e., DOS-like restrictions on filename
|
|
length), and in addition all characters are in upper case. Also there is
|
|
no field for file ownership, protection, number of links, provision for
|
|
block/character devices, etc.
|
|
|
|
Rock Ridge is an extension to iso9660 that provides all of these unix like
|
|
features. Basically there are extensions to each directory record that
|
|
supply all of the additional information, and when Rock Ridge is in use,
|
|
the filesystem is indistinguishable from a normal UNIX file system (except
|
|
that it is read-only, of course).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B norock
|
|
Disable the use of Rock Ridge extensions, even if available. Cf.\&
|
|
.BR map .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR check=r[elaxed] " / " check=s[trict]
|
|
With
|
|
.BR check=relaxed ,
|
|
a filename is first converted to lower case before doing the lookup.
|
|
This is probably only meaningful together with
|
|
.B norock
|
|
and
|
|
.BR map=normal .
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR check=strict .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
Give all files in the file system the indicated user or group id,
|
|
possibly overriding the information found in the Rock Ridge extensions.
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR uid=0,gid=0 .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR map=n[ormal] " / " map=o[ff]
|
|
For non-Rock Ridge volumes, normal name translation maps upper
|
|
to lower case ASCII, drops a trailing `;1', and converts `;' to `.'.
|
|
With
|
|
.B map=off
|
|
no name translation is done. See
|
|
.BR norock .
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR map=normal .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI mode= value
|
|
For non-Rock Ridge volumes, give all files the indicated mode.
|
|
(Default: read permission for everybody.)
|
|
Since Linux 2.1.37 one no longer needs to specify the mode in
|
|
decimal. (Octal is indicated by a leading 0.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B unhide
|
|
Also show hidden and associated files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B block=[512|1024|2048]
|
|
Set the block size to the indicated value.
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR block=1024 .)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR conv=a[uto] " / " conv=b[inary] " / " conv=m[text] " / " conv=t[ext]
|
|
(Default:
|
|
.BR conv=binary .)
|
|
Since Linux 1.3.54 this option has no effect anymore.
|
|
(And non-binary settings used to be very dangerous,
|
|
often leading to silent data corruption.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B cruft
|
|
If the high byte of the file length contains other garbage,
|
|
set this mount option to ignore the high order bits of the file length.
|
|
This implies that a file cannot be larger than 16MB.
|
|
The `cruft' option is set automatically if the entire CDROM
|
|
has a weird size (negative, or more than 800MB). It is also
|
|
set when volume sequence numbers other than 0 or 1 are seen.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for minix"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for msdos"
|
|
See mount options for fat.
|
|
If the
|
|
.I msdos
|
|
file system detects an inconsistency, it reports an error and sets the file
|
|
system read-only. The file system can be made writeable again by remounting
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ncp"
|
|
Just like
|
|
.IR nfs ", the " ncp
|
|
implementation expects a binary argument (a
|
|
.IR "struct ncp_mount_data" )
|
|
to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by
|
|
.BR ncpmount (8)
|
|
and the current version of
|
|
.B mount
|
|
(2.6h) does not know anything about ncp.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for nfs"
|
|
Instead of a textual option string, parsed by the kernel, the
|
|
.I nfs
|
|
file system expects a binary argument of type
|
|
.IR "struct nfs_mount_data" .
|
|
The program
|
|
.B mount
|
|
itself parses the following options of the form `tag=value',
|
|
and puts them in the structure mentioned:
|
|
.BI rsize= n,
|
|
.BI wsize= n,
|
|
.BI timeo= n,
|
|
.BI retrans= n,
|
|
.BI acregmin= n,
|
|
.BI acregmax= n,
|
|
.BI acdirmin= n,
|
|
.BI acdirmax= n,
|
|
.BI actimeo= n,
|
|
.BI retry= n,
|
|
.BI port= n,
|
|
.BI mountport= n,
|
|
.BI mounthost= name,
|
|
.BI mountprog= n,
|
|
.BI mountvers= n,
|
|
.BI nfsprog= n,
|
|
.BI nfsvers= n,
|
|
.BI namlen= n.
|
|
The option
|
|
.BI addr= n
|
|
is accepted but ignored.
|
|
Also the following Boolean options, possibly preceded by
|
|
.B no
|
|
are recognized:
|
|
.BR bg ,
|
|
.BR fg ,
|
|
.BR soft ,
|
|
.BR hard ,
|
|
.BR intr ,
|
|
.BR posix ,
|
|
.BR cto ,
|
|
.BR ac ,
|
|
.BR tcp ,
|
|
.BR udp ,
|
|
.BR lock .
|
|
For details, see
|
|
.BR nfs (5).
|
|
|
|
Especially useful options include
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rsize=8192,wsize=8192
|
|
This will make your nfs connection much faster than with the default
|
|
buffer size of 1024.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B hard
|
|
The program accessing a file on a NFS mounted file system will hang
|
|
when the server crashes. The process cannot be interrupted or
|
|
killed unless you also specify
|
|
.BR intr .
|
|
When the NFS server is back online the program will continue undisturbed
|
|
from where it was. This is probably what you want.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B soft
|
|
This option allows the kernel to time out if the nfs server is not
|
|
responding for some time. The time can be
|
|
specified with
|
|
.BR timeo=time .
|
|
This option might be useful if your nfs server sometimes doesn't respond
|
|
or will be rebooted while some process tries to get a file from the server.
|
|
Usually it just causes lots of trouble.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nolock
|
|
Do not use locking. Do not start lockd.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for proc"
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
These options are recognized, but have no effect as far as I can see.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for romfs"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for smbfs"
|
|
Just like
|
|
.IR nfs ", the " smb
|
|
implementation expects a binary argument (a
|
|
.IR "struct smb_mount_data" )
|
|
to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by
|
|
.BR smbmount (8)
|
|
and the current version of
|
|
.B mount
|
|
(2.6c) does not know anything about smb.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for sysv"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for ufs"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for umsdos"
|
|
See mount options for msdos.
|
|
The
|
|
.B dotsOK
|
|
option is explicitly killed by
|
|
.IR umsdos .
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for vfat"
|
|
First of all, the mount options for
|
|
.I fat
|
|
are recognized.
|
|
The
|
|
.B dotsOK
|
|
option is explicitly killed by
|
|
.IR vfat .
|
|
Furthermore, there are
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B uni_xlate
|
|
Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special escaped sequences.
|
|
This lets you backup and restore filenames that are created with any
|
|
Unicode characters. Without this option, a '?' is used when no
|
|
translation is possible. The escape character is ':' because it is
|
|
otherwise illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence
|
|
that gets used, where u is the unicode character,
|
|
is: ':', (u & 0x3f), ((u>>6) & 0x3f), (u>>12).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B posix
|
|
Allow two files with names that only differ in case.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nonumtail
|
|
First try to make a short name without sequence number,
|
|
before trying
|
|
.IR name~num.ext .
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for xenix"
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
.SH "Mount options for xiafs"
|
|
None. Although nothing is wrong with xiafs, it is not used much,
|
|
and is not maintained. Probably one shouldn't use it.
|
|
Since Linux version 2.1.21 xiafs is no longer part of the kernel source.
|
|
|
|
.SH "THE LOOP DEVICE"
|
|
One further possible type is a mount via the loop device. For example,
|
|
the command
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
.B " mount /tmp/fdimage /mnt -t msdos -o loop=/dev/loop3,blocksize=1024"
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
will set up the loop device
|
|
.I /dev/loop3
|
|
to correspond to the file
|
|
.IR /tmp/fdimage ,
|
|
and then mount this device on
|
|
.IR /mnt .
|
|
This type of mount knows about three options, namely
|
|
.BR loop ", " offset " and " encryption ,
|
|
that are really options to
|
|
.BR losetup (8).
|
|
If no explicit loop device is mentioned
|
|
(but just an option `\fB\-o loop\fP' is given), then
|
|
.B mount
|
|
will try to find some unused loop device and use that.
|
|
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.I /etc/fstab
|
|
file system table
|
|
.br
|
|
.I /etc/mtab
|
|
table of mounted file systems
|
|
.br
|
|
.I /etc/mtab~
|
|
lock file
|
|
.br
|
|
.I /etc/mtab.tmp
|
|
temporary file
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.BR mount (2),
|
|
.BR umount (2),
|
|
.BR fstab (5),
|
|
.BR umount (8),
|
|
.BR swapon (8),
|
|
.BR nfs (5),
|
|
.BR mountd (8),
|
|
.BR nfsd (8),
|
|
.BR mke2fs (8),
|
|
.BR tune2fs (8),
|
|
.BR losetup (8)
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Some Linux file systems don't support
|
|
.B "\-o sync"
|
|
(the ext2fs
|
|
.I does
|
|
support synchronous updates (a la BSD) when mounted with the
|
|
.B sync
|
|
option).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
.B "\-o remount"
|
|
may not be able to change mount parameters (all
|
|
.IR ext2fs -specific
|
|
parameters, except
|
|
.BR sb ,
|
|
are changeable with a remount, for example, but you can't change
|
|
.B gid
|
|
or
|
|
.B umask
|
|
for the
|
|
.IR fatfs ).
|
|
.SH HISTORY
|
|
A
|
|
.B mount
|
|
command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
|