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67e63c1263
There is value in ensuring that manual page sections use consistently named sections, as far as possible, and also that sections have a consistent order within manual pages. This is one of a series of patches to place manual page sections in a consistent order. In this patch, we ensure that the NOTES, HISTORY, BUGS, and EXAMPLE sections are always placed near the end of the page, just above AUTHORS, COPYRIGHT, SEE ALSO, and AVAILABILITY. One page is not fixed by this patch: term-utils/agetty.8. This page is a mess of unusual section names, and probably requires an individual edit. Testing that no gross editing mistake (causing accidental loss or addition of text) was performed as follows: $ cat $(grep '\.SH' -l $(find . -name '*.[1-9]') |sort) | sort > a [Apply patch] $ cat $(grep '\.SH' -l $(find . -name '*.[1-9]') |sort) | sort > b $ diff a b $ echo $? 0 Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
199 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
199 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (C) 1998-2004 Miquel van Smoorenburg.
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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.\" (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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.\"
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.TH "LAST, LASTB" "1" "October 2013" "util-linux" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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last, lastb \- show a listing of last logged in users
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B last
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[options]
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.RI [ username "...] [" tty ...]
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.br
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.B lastb
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[options]
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.RI [ username "...] [" tty ...]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B last
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searches back through the
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.I /var/log/wtmp
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file (or the file designated by the
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.B \-f
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option) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that
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file was created. One or more
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.IR usernames " and/or " ttys
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can be given, in which case
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.B last
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will show only the entries matching those arguments. Names of
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.I ttys
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can be abbreviated, thus
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.B last 0
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is the same as
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.BR "last tty0" .
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.PP
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When catching a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually
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control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal,
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.B last
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will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the
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SIGINT signal
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.B last
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will then terminate.
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.PP
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The pseudo user
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.B reboot
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logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus
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.B last reboot
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will show a log of all the reboots since the log file was created.
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.PP
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.B lastb
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is the same as
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.BR last ,
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except that by default it shows a log of the
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.I /var/log/btmp
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file, which contains all the bad login attempts.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BR \-a , " \-\-hostlast"
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Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the
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.B \-\-dns
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option.
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.TP
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.BR \-d , " \-\-dns"
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For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote
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host, but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number
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back into a hostname.
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.TP
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.BR \-f , " \-\-file " \fIfile\fR
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Tell
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.B last
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to use a specific \fIfile\fR instead of
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.IR /var/log/wtmp .
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The
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.B \-\-file
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option can be given multiple times, and all of the specified files will be
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processed.
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.TP
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.BR \-F , " \-\-fulltimes"
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Print full login and logout times and dates.
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.TP
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.BR \-i , " \-\-ip"
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Like
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.B \-\-dns ,
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but displays the host's IP number instead of the name.
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.TP
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.BI \- number
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.TQ
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.BR \-n , " -\-limit " \fInumber\fR
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Tell
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.B last
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how many lines to show.
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.TP
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.BR \-p , " \-\-present " \fItime\fR
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Display the users who were present at the specified time. This is
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like using the options
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.BR \-\-since " and " \-\-until
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together with the same \fItime\fR.
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.TP
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.BR \-R , " \-\-nohostname"
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Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
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.TP
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.BR \-s , " \-\-since " \fItime\fR
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Display the state of logins since the specified
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.IR time .
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This is useful, e.g., to easily determine who was logged in at a
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particular time. The option is often combined with
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.BR \-\-until .
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.TP
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.BR \-t , " \-\-until " \fItime\fR
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Display the state of logins until the specified
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.IR time .
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.TP
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.BI \-\-time\-format " format"
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Define the output timestamp
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.I format
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to be one of
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.IR notime ,
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.IR short ,
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.IR full ,
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or
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.IR iso .
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The
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.I notime
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variant will not print any timestamps at all,
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.I short
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is the default, and
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.I full
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is the same as the
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.B \-\-fulltimes
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option. The
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.I iso
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variant will display the timestamp in ISO-8601 format. The ISO format
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contains timezone information, making it preferable when printouts are
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investigated outside of the system.
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.TP
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.BR \-w , " \-\-fullnames"
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Display full user names and domain names in the output.
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.TP
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.BR \-x , " \-\-system"
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Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
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.SH TIME FORMATS
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The options that take the
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.I time
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argument understand the following formats:
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.TS
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l2 l.
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YYYYMMDDhhmmss
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YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
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YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm (seconds will be set to 00)
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YYYY-MM-DD (time will be set to 00:00:00)
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hh:mm:ss (date will be set to today)
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hh:mm (date will be set to today, seconds to 00)
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now
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yesterday (time is set to 00:00:00)
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today (time is set to 00:00:00)
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tomorrow (time is set to 00:00:00)
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+5min
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-5days
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.TE
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.SH FILES
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/var/log/wtmp
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.br
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/var/log/btmp
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.SH NOTES
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The files
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.I wtmp
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and
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.I btmp
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might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if
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they are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the
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files to be used, they can be created with a simple
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.BR touch (1)
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command (for example,
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.IR "touch /var/log/wtmp" ).
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.SH AUTHORS
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.MT miquels@cistron.nl
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Miquel van Smoorenburg
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.ME
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR login (1),
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.BR wtmp (5),
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.BR init (8),
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.BR shutdown (8)
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.SH AVAILABILITY
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The last command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
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.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
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Linux Kernel Archive
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.UE .
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