134 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
134 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
//po4a: entry man manual
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////
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Copyright (C) 1998-2004 Miquel van Smoorenburg.
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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////
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= last(1)
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:doctype: manpage
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:man manual: User Commands
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:man source: util-linux {release-version}
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:page-layout: base
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:command: last
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== NAME
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last, lastb - show a listing of last logged in users
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== SYNOPSIS
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*last* [options] [_username_...] [_tty_...]
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*lastb* [options] [_username_...] [_tty_...]
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== DESCRIPTION
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*last* searches back through the _/var/log/wtmp_ file (or the file designated by the *-f* option) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. One or more _usernames_ and/or _ttys_ can be given, in which case *last* will show only the entries matching those arguments. Names of _ttys_ can be abbreviated, thus *last 0* is the same as *last tty0*.
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When catching a *SIGINT* signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a *SIGQUIT* signal, *last* will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the *SIGINT* signal *last* will then terminate.
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The pseudo user *reboot* logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus *last reboot* will show a log of all the reboots since the log file was created.
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*lastb* is the same as *last*, except that by default it shows a log of the _/var/log/btmp_ file, which contains all the bad login attempts.
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== OPTIONS
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*-a*, *--hostlast*::
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Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the *--dns* option.
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*-d*, *--dns*::
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For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host, but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number back into a hostname.
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*-f*, *--file* _file_::
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Tell *last* to use a specific _file_ instead of _/var/log/wtmp_. The *--file* option can be given multiple times, and all of the specified files will be processed.
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*-F*, *--fulltimes*::
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Print full login and logout times and dates.
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*-i*, *--ip*::
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Like *--dns ,* but displays the host's IP number instead of the name.
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**-**__number__; *-n*, *--limit* _number_::
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Tell *last* how many lines to show.
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*-p*, *--present* _time_::
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Display the users who were present at the specified time. This is like using the options *--since* and *--until* together with the same _time_.
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*-R*, *--nohostname*::
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Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
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*-s*, *--since* _time_::
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Display the state of logins since the specified _time_. This is useful, e.g., to easily determine who was logged in at a particular time. The option is often combined with *--until*.
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*-t*, *--until* _time_::
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Display the state of logins until the specified _time_.
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*--time-format* _format_::
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Define the output timestamp _format_ to be one of _notime_, _short_, _full_, or _iso_. The _notime_ variant will not print any timestamps at all, _short_ is the default, and _full_ is the same as the *--fulltimes* option. The _iso_ variant will display the timestamp in ISO-8601 format. The ISO format contains timezone information, making it preferable when printouts are investigated outside of the system.
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*-w*, *--fullnames*::
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Display full user names and domain names in the output.
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*-x*, *--system*::
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Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
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== TIME FORMATS
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The options that take the _time_ argument understand the following formats:
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[cols=",",]
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|===
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|YYYYMMDDhhmmss |
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|YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss |
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|YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm |(seconds will be set to 00)
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|YYYY-MM-DD |(time will be set to 00:00:00)
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|hh:mm:ss |(date will be set to today)
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|hh:mm |(date will be set to today, seconds to 00)
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|now |
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|yesterday |(time is set to 00:00:00)
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|today |(time is set to 00:00:00)
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|tomorrow |(time is set to 00:00:00)
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|+5min |
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|-5days |
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|===
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== FILES
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_/var/log/wtmp_,
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_/var/log/btmp_
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== NOTES
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The files _wtmp_ and _btmp_ might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created with a simple *touch*(1) command (for example, *touch /var/log/wtmp*).
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== AUTHORS
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mailto:miquels@cistron.nl[Miquel van Smoorenburg]
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== SEE ALSO
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*login*(1),
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*wtmp*(5),
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*init*(8),
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*shutdown*(8)
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include::man-common/bugreports.adoc[]
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include::man-common/footer.adoc[]
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ifdef::translation[]
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include::man-common/translation.adoc[]
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endif::[]
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