/* fdisk.c -- Partition table manipulator for Linux. * * Copyright (C) 1992 A. V. Le Blanc (LeBlanc@mcc.ac.uk) * * This program is free software. You can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation: either version 1 or * (at your option) any later version. * * Before Linux version 0.95c, this program requires a kernel patch. * * Modified, Tue Feb 2 18:46:49 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu to better support SCSI. * Modified, Sat Feb 27 18:11:27 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu: added extfs support. * Modified, Sat Mar 6 10:14:12 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu: added more comments. * Modified, Sat Mar 6 12:25:45 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu: * Added patches from Michael Bischoff (i1041905@ws.rz.tu-bs.de * or mbi@mo.math.nat.tu-bs.de) to fix the following problems: * 1) Incorrect mapping of head/sector/cylinder to absolute sector * 2) Odd sector count causes one sector to be lost * Modified, Sat Mar 6 12:25:52 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu: improved verification. * Modified, Sat Apr 17 15:00:00 1993, LeBlanc@mcc.ac.uk: add -s, fix -l. * Modified, Sat Apr 24 10:00:00 1993, LeBlanc@mcc.ac.uk: fix overlap bug. * Modified, Wed May 5 21:30:00 1993, LeBlanc@mcc.ac.uk: errors to stderr. * Modified, Mon Mar 21 20:00:00 1994, LeBlanc@mcc.ac.uk: * more stderr for messages, avoid division by 0, and * give reboot message only if ioctl(fd, BLKRRPART) fails. * Modified, Mon Apr 25 01:01:05 1994, martin@cs.unc.edu: * 1) Added support for DOS, OS/2, ... compatibility. We should be able * use this fdisk to partition our drives for other operating systems. * 2) Added a print the raw data in the partition table command. * Modified, Wed Jun 22 21:05:30 1994, faith@cs.unc.edu: * Added/changed a few partition type names to conform to cfdisk. * (suggested by Sujal, smpatel@wam.umd.edu) * Modified 3/5/95 leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com -- on -l only open * devices RDONLY (instead of RDWR). This allows you to * have the disks as rw-r----- with group disk (and if you * want is safe to setguid fdisk to disk). * Modified Sat Mar 11 10:02 1995 with more partition types, faith@cs.unc.edu * Modified, Thu May 4 01:11:45 1995, esr@snark.thyrsus.com: * It's user-interface cleanup time. * Actual error messages for out-of-bounds values (what a concept!). * Enable read-only access to partition table for learners. * Smart defaults for most numeric prompts. * Fixed a bug preventing a partition from crossing cylinder 8064, aeb, 950801. * Read partition table twice to avoid kernel bug * (from Daniel Quinlan ), Tue Sep 26 10:25:28 1995 * Modified, Sat Jul 1 23:43:16 MET DST 1995, fasten@cs.bonn.edu: * editor for NetBSD/i386 (and Linux/Alpha?) disklabels. * Tue Sep 26 17:07:54 1995: More patches from aeb. Fix segfaults, all >4GB. * Don't destroy random data if extd partition starts past 4GB, aeb, 950818. * Don't segfault on bad partition created by previous fdisk. * Modified, Fri Jul 14 11:13:35 MET DST 1996, jj@sunsite.mff.cuni.cz: * editor for Sun disklabels. * Modified, Wed Jul 3 10:14:17 MET DST 1996, jj@sunsite.mff.cuni.cz: * support for Sun floppies * Modified, Thu Jul 24 16:42:33 MET DST 1997, fasten@shw.com: * LINUX_EXTENDED support * Added Windows 95 partition types, aeb. * Fixed a bug described by johnf@whitsunday.net.au, aeb, 980408. * [There are lots of other bugs - nobody should use this program] * [cfdisk on the other hand is nice and correct] * Try to avoid reading a CD-ROM. * Do not print Begin column -- it confuses too many people -- aeb, 980610. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* for HDIO_GETGEO */ #include /* for BLKRRPART, BLKGETSIZE */ #include "fdisk.h" #if defined(sparc) #include "fdisksunlabel.h" #endif #define hex_val(c) ({ \ char _c = (c); \ isdigit(_c) ? _c - '0' : \ tolower(_c) + 10 - 'a'; \ }) #define VERSION "2.8" /* util-linux version */ #define DEFAULT_DEVICE "/dev/hda" #define ALTERNATE_DEVICE "/dev/sda" #define LINE_LENGTH 80 #define offset(b, n) ((struct partition *)((b) + 0x1be + \ (n) * sizeof(struct partition))) #define sector(s) ((s) & 0x3f) #define cylinder(s, c) ((c) | (((s) & 0xc0) << 2)) #define calculate(h,s,c) (sector(s) - 1 + sectors * \ ((h) + heads * cylinder(s,c))) #define set_hsc(h,s,c,sector) { \ s = sector % sectors + 1; \ sector /= sectors; \ h = sector % heads; \ sector /= heads; \ c = sector & 0xff; \ s |= (sector >> 2) & 0xc0; \ } /* A valid partition table sector ends in 0x55 0xaa */ unsigned int part_table_flag(char *b) { return ((uint) b[510]) + (((uint) b[511]) << 8); } int valid_part_table_flag(unsigned char *b) { return (b[510] == 0x55 && b[511] == 0xaa); } void write_part_table_flag(char *b) { b[510] = 0x55; b[511] = 0xaa; } /* start_sect and nr_sects are stored little endian on all machines */ /* moreover, they are not aligned correctly */ void store4_little_endian(unsigned char *cp, unsigned int val) { cp[0] = (val & 0xff); cp[1] = ((val >> 8) & 0xff); cp[2] = ((val >> 16) & 0xff); cp[3] = ((val >> 24) & 0xff); } unsigned int read4_little_endian(unsigned char *cp) { return (uint)(cp[0]) + ((uint)(cp[1]) << 8) + ((uint)(cp[2]) << 16) + ((uint)(cp[3]) << 24); } void set_start_sect(struct partition *p, unsigned int start_sect) { store4_little_endian(p->start4, start_sect); } unsigned int get_start_sect(struct partition *p) { return read4_little_endian(p->start4); } void set_nr_sects(struct partition *p, unsigned int nr_sects) { store4_little_endian(p->size4, nr_sects); } unsigned int get_nr_sects(struct partition *p) { return read4_little_endian(p->size4); } #define ACTIVE_FLAG 0x80 #define EXTENDED 0x05 #define WIN98_EXTENDED 0x0f #define LINUX_PARTITION 0x81 #define LINUX_SWAP 0x82 #define LINUX_NATIVE 0x83 #define LINUX_EXTENDED 0x85 #define IS_EXTENDED(i) \ ((i) == EXTENDED || (i) == WIN98_EXTENDED || (i) == LINUX_EXTENDED) /* normally O_RDWR, -l option gives O_RDONLY */ static int type_open = O_RDWR; char *disk_device = DEFAULT_DEVICE, /* hda, unless specified */ *line_ptr, /* interactive input */ line_buffer[LINE_LENGTH], changed[MAXIMUM_PARTS], /* marks changed buffers */ buffer[SECTOR_SIZE], /* first four partitions */ *buffers[MAXIMUM_PARTS] /* pointers to buffers */ = {buffer, buffer, buffer, buffer}; int fd, /* the disk */ ext_index, /* the prime extended partition */ listing = 0, /* no aborts for fdisk -l */ nowarn = 0, /* no warnings for fdisk -l/-s */ show_begin = 0, dos_compatible_flag = ~0, partitions = 4; /* maximum partition + 1 */ uint heads, sectors, cylinders, sector_offset = 1, display_factor = 1, /* in units/sector */ unit_flag = 1, full_bits = 0, /* 1024 cylinders in sectors */ extended_offset = 0, /* offset of link pointers */ offsets[MAXIMUM_PARTS] = {0, 0, 0, 0}; int sun_label = 0; /* looking at sun disklabel */ struct partition *part_table[MAXIMUM_PARTS] /* partitions */ = {offset(buffer, 0), offset(buffer, 1), offset(buffer, 2), offset(buffer, 3)}, *ext_pointers[MAXIMUM_PARTS] /* link pointers */ = {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}; struct systypes sys_types[] = { {0x00, "Empty"}, {0x01, "DOS 12-bit FAT"}, {0x02, "XENIX root"}, {0x03, "XENIX usr"}, {0x04, "DOS 16-bit <32M"}, {0x05, "Extended"}, {0x06, "DOS 16-bit >=32M"}, {0x07, "OS/2 HPFS"}, /* or QNX? */ {0x08, "AIX"}, {0x09, "AIX bootable"}, {0x0a, "OS/2 Boot Manager"}, {0x0b, "Win95 FAT32"}, {0x0c, "Win95 FAT32 (LBA)"}, {0x0e, "Win95 FAT16 (LBA)"}, {0x0f, "Win95 Extended (LBA)"}, {0x40, "Venix 80286"}, {0x51, "Novell?"}, {0x52, "Microport"}, /* or CPM? */ {0x63, "GNU HURD"}, /* or System V/386? */ {0x64, "Novell Netware 286"}, {0x65, "Novell Netware 386"}, {0x75, "PC/IX"}, {0x80, "Old MINIX"}, /* Minix 1.4a and earlier */ {LINUX_PARTITION, "Linux/MINIX"}, /* Minix 1.4b and later */ {LINUX_SWAP, "Linux swap"}, {LINUX_NATIVE, "Linux native"}, {LINUX_EXTENDED, "Linux extended"}, {0x93, "Amoeba"}, {0x94, "Amoeba BBT"}, /* (bad block table) */ {0xa5, "BSD/386"}, {0xa6, "OpenBSD"}, {0xa7, "NEXTSTEP"}, {0xb7, "BSDI fs"}, {0xb8, "BSDI swap"}, {0xc7, "Syrinx"}, {0xdb, "CP/M"}, /* or Concurrent DOS? */ {0xe1, "DOS access"}, {0xe3, "DOS R/O"}, {0xf2, "DOS secondary"}, {0xff, "BBT"}, /* (bad track table) */ { 0, NULL } }; jmp_buf listingbuf; void fatal(enum failure why) { char error[LINE_LENGTH], *message = error; if (listing) { close(fd); longjmp(listingbuf, 1); } switch (why) { case usage: message = "Usage: fdisk [-b] [-u] [/dev/hdx] Change partition table\n" " fdisk -l [-b] [-u] [/dev/hdx] List partition table(s)\n" " fdisk -s /dev/hdxn Give partition size(s)\n" " fdisk -v Give fdisk version\n"; break; case unable_to_open: sprintf(error, "Unable to open %s\n", disk_device); break; case unable_to_read: sprintf(error, "Unable to read %s\n", disk_device); break; case unable_to_seek: sprintf(error, "Unable to seek on %s\n", disk_device); break; case unable_to_write: sprintf(error, "Unable to write %s\n", disk_device); break; case out_of_memory: message = "Unable to allocate any more memory\n"; break; default: message = "Fatal error\n"; } fputc('\n', stderr); fputs(message, stderr); exit(1); } void menu(void) { if (sun_label) puts("Command action\n" " a toggle a read only flag\n" /* sun */ " b edit bsd disklabel\n" " c toggle the mountable flag\n" /* sun */ " d delete a partition\n" " l list known partition types\n" " m print this menu\n" " n add a new partition\n" " o create a new empty DOS partition table\n" " p print the partition table\n" " q quit without saving changes\n" " s create a new empty Sun disklabel\n" /* sun */ " t change a partition's system id\n" " u change display/entry units\n" " v verify the partition table\n" " w write table to disk and exit\n" " x extra functionality (experts only)" ); else puts("Command action\n" " a toggle a bootable flag\n" " b edit bsd disklabel\n" " c toggle the dos compatibility flag\n" " d delete a partition\n" " l list known partition types\n" " m print this menu\n" " n add a new partition\n" " o create a new empty DOS partition table\n" " p print the partition table\n" " q quit without saving changes\n" " t change a partition's system id\n" " u change display/entry units\n" " v verify the partition table\n" " w write table to disk and exit\n" " x extra functionality (experts only)" ); } void xmenu(void) { if (sun_label) puts("Command action\n" " a change number of alternate cylinders\n" /* sun */ " c change number of cylinders\n" " d print the raw data in the partition table\n" " e change number of extra sectors per cylinder\n" /*sun*/ " h change number of heads\n" " i change interleave factor\n" /* sun */ " o change rotation speed (rpm)\n" /* sun */ " m print this menu\n" " p print the partition table\n" " q quit without saving changes\n" " r return to main menu\n" " s change number of sectors\n" " v verify the partition table\n" " w write table to disk and exit\n" " y change number of physical cylinders" /* sun */ ); else puts("Command action\n" " b move beginning of data in a partition\n" /* !sun */ " c change number of cylinders\n" " d print the raw data in the partition table\n" " e list extended partitions\n" /* sun */ " h change number of heads\n" " m print this menu\n" " p print the partition table\n" " q quit without saving changes\n" " r return to main menu\n" " s change number of sectors\n" " v verify the partition table\n" " w write table to disk and exit" ); } char *partition_type(unsigned char type) { int i; struct systypes *types; #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) types = sun_sys_types; else #endif types = sys_types; for (i=0; types[i].name; i++) if (types[i].index == type) return types[i].name; return NULL; } void list_types(struct systypes *sys) { uint last[4], done = 0, next = 0, size; int i; for (i = 0; sys[i].name; i++); size = i; for (i = 3; i >= 0; i--) last[3 - i] = done += (size + i - done) / (i + 1); i = done = 0; do { printf("%c%2x %-15.15s", i ? ' ' : '\n', sys[next].index, sys[next].name); next = last[i++] + done; if (i > 3 || next >= last[i]) { i = 0; next = ++done; } } while (done < last[0]); putchar('\n'); } void clear_partition(struct partition *p) { p->boot_ind = 0; p->head = 0; p->sector = 0; p->cyl = 0; p->sys_ind = 0; p->end_head = 0; p->end_sector = 0; p->end_cyl = 0; set_start_sect(p,0); set_nr_sects(p,0); } void set_partition(int i, struct partition *p, uint start, uint stop, int sysid, uint offset) { p->boot_ind = 0; p->sys_ind = sysid; set_start_sect(p, start - offset); set_nr_sects(p, stop - start + 1); if (dos_compatible_flag && (start/(sectors*heads) > 1023)) start = heads*sectors*1024 - 1; set_hsc(p->head, p->sector, p->cyl, start); if (dos_compatible_flag && (stop/(sectors*heads) > 1023)) stop = heads*sectors*1024 - 1; set_hsc(p->end_head, p->end_sector, p->end_cyl, stop); changed[i] = 1; } int test_c(char **m, char *mesg) { int val = 0; if (!*m) fprintf(stderr, "You must set"); else { fprintf(stderr, " %s", *m); val = 1; } *m = mesg; return val; } int warn_geometry(void) { char *m = NULL; int prev = 0; if (!heads) prev = test_c(&m, "heads"); if (!sectors) prev = test_c(&m, "sectors"); if (!cylinders) prev = test_c(&m, "cylinders"); if (!m) return 0; fprintf(stderr, "%s%s.\nYou can do this from the extra functions menu.\n", prev ? " and " : " ", m); return 1; } uint rounded(uint calcul, uint start) { uint i; if (!full_bits) return calcul; while ((i = calcul + full_bits) <= start) calcul = i; return calcul; } void update_units(void) { full_bits = 1024 * heads * sectors; if (unit_flag && full_bits) display_factor = full_bits >> 10; else display_factor = 1; } void warn_cylinders(void) { if (!sun_label && cylinders > 1024 && !nowarn) fprintf(stderr, "The number of cylinders for this disk is set to %d.\n" "This is larger than 1024, and may cause " "problems with:\n" "1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., LILO)\n" "2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs\n" " (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)\n", cylinders); } void read_extended(struct partition *p) { int i; struct partition *q; ext_pointers[ext_index] = part_table[ext_index]; if (!get_start_sect(p)) fprintf(stderr, "Bad offset in primary extended partition\n"); else while (IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind)) { if (partitions >= MAXIMUM_PARTS) { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: deleting partitions after %d\n", partitions); clear_partition(ext_pointers[partitions - 1]); changed[partitions - 1] = 1; return; } offsets[partitions] = extended_offset + get_start_sect(p); if (!extended_offset) extended_offset = get_start_sect(p); if (ext2_llseek(fd, (ext2_loff_t)offsets[partitions] * SECTOR_SIZE, SEEK_SET) < 0) fatal(unable_to_seek); if (!(buffers[partitions] = (char *) malloc(SECTOR_SIZE))) fatal(out_of_memory); if (SECTOR_SIZE != read(fd, buffers[partitions], SECTOR_SIZE)) fatal(unable_to_read); part_table[partitions] = ext_pointers[partitions] = NULL; q = p = offset(buffers[partitions], 0); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++, p++) { if (IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind)) if (ext_pointers[partitions]) fprintf(stderr, "Warning: extra link " "pointer in partition table " "%d\n", partitions + 1); else ext_pointers[partitions] = p; else if (p->sys_ind) if (part_table[partitions]) fprintf(stderr, "Warning: ignoring extra data " "in partition table %d\n", partitions + 1); else part_table[partitions] = p; } if (!part_table[partitions]) if (q != ext_pointers[partitions]) part_table[partitions] = q; else part_table[partitions] = q + 1; if (!ext_pointers[partitions]) if (q != part_table[partitions]) ext_pointers[partitions] = q; else ext_pointers[partitions] = q + 1; p = ext_pointers[partitions++]; } } void create_doslabel(void) { int i; fprintf(stderr, "Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,\n" "until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous\n" "content won't be recoverable.\n\n"); write_part_table_flag(buffer); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) clear_partition(part_table[i]); for (i = 1; i < MAXIMUM_PARTS; i++) changed[i] = 0; changed[0] = 1; get_boot(create_empty); } /* * Read MBR. Returns: * -1: no 0xaa55 flag present (possibly entire disk BSD) * 0: found or created label */ int get_boot(enum action what) { int i; struct hd_geometry geometry; partitions = 4; if (what == create_empty) goto got_table; /* skip reading disk */ if ((fd = open(disk_device, type_open)) < 0) { if ((fd = open(disk_device, O_RDONLY)) < 0) fatal(unable_to_open); else printf("You will not be able to write the partition table.\n"); } #if defined(sparc) guess_device_type(fd); #endif if (SECTOR_SIZE != read(fd, buffer, SECTOR_SIZE)) fatal(unable_to_read); #ifdef HDIO_REQ if (!ioctl(fd, HDIO_REQ, &geometry)) { #else if (!ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geometry)) { #endif heads = geometry.heads; sectors = geometry.sectors; cylinders = geometry.cylinders; if (dos_compatible_flag) sector_offset = sectors; } else { if (!ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, §ors)) { heads = 1; cylinders = 1; } else { heads = cylinders = sectors = 0; } } update_units(); got_table: #if defined(sparc) if (check_sun_label()) return 0; #endif if (!valid_part_table_flag(buffer)) { switch(what) { case fdisk: fprintf(stderr, "Device contains neither a valid DOS partition" " table, nor Sun disklabel\n"); #ifdef __sparc__ create_sunlabel(); #else create_doslabel(); #endif return 0; case require: return -1; case try_only: return -1; case create_empty: break; } fprintf(stderr, "Internal error\n"); exit(1); } warn_cylinders(); warn_geometry(); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) if(IS_EXTENDED (part_table[i]->sys_ind)) if (partitions != 4) fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring extra extended " "partition %d\n", i + 1); else read_extended(part_table[ext_index = i]); for (i = 3; i < partitions; i++) if (!valid_part_table_flag(buffers[i])) { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: invalid flag 0x%04x of partition " "table %d will be corrected by w(rite)\n", part_table_flag(buffers[i]), i + 1); changed[i] = 1; } return 0; } int read_line(void) { if (!fgets(line_buffer, LINE_LENGTH, stdin)) return 0; line_ptr = line_buffer; while (*line_ptr && !isgraph(*line_ptr)) line_ptr++; return *line_ptr; } char read_char(char *mesg) { do { fputs(mesg, stdout); } while (!read_line()); return *line_ptr; } char read_chars(char *mesg) { fputs(mesg, stdout); if (!read_line()) { *line_ptr = '\n'; return '\n'; } else return *line_ptr; } int read_hex(struct systypes *sys) { int hex; while (1) { read_char("Hex code (type L to list codes): "); if (tolower(*line_ptr) == 'l') list_types(sys); else if (isxdigit (*line_ptr)) { hex = 0; do hex = hex << 4 | hex_val(*line_ptr++); while (isxdigit(*line_ptr)); return hex; } } } uint read_int(uint low, uint dflt, uint high, enum offset base, char *mesg) { uint i, use_default = 1; char ms[70]; switch(base) { case lower: sprintf(ms, "%s ([%d]-%d): ", mesg, low, high); break; case upper: sprintf(ms, "%s (%d-[%d]): ", mesg, low, high); break; case deflt: sprintf(ms, "%s (%d-[%d]-%d): ", mesg, low, dflt, high); break; default: sprintf(ms, "%s (%d-%d): ", mesg, low, high); break; } while (1) { if (base == deflt) { while (read_chars(ms) != '\n' && !isdigit(*line_ptr) && *line_ptr != '-' && *line_ptr != '+') continue; if (*line_ptr == '\n') return dflt; } else { while (!isdigit(read_char(ms)) && *line_ptr != '-' && *line_ptr != '+') continue; } if (*line_ptr == '+' || *line_ptr == '-') { if (*line_ptr == '+') ++line_ptr; i = atoi(line_ptr); while (isdigit(*line_ptr)) { line_ptr++; use_default = 0; } switch (*line_ptr) { case 'c': case 'C': if (!unit_flag) i *= heads * sectors; break; case 'k': case 'K': i *= 2; i /= display_factor; break; case 'm': case 'M': i *= 2048; i /= display_factor; break; default: break; } switch(base) { case lower: i += low; break; case upper: i += high; break; case deflt: i += dflt; break; case ignore: } } else { i = atoi(line_ptr); while (isdigit(*line_ptr)) { line_ptr++; use_default = 0; } } if (use_default) printf("Using default value %d\n", i = dflt); if (i >= low && i <= high) break; else printf("Value out of range.\n"); } return i; } int get_partition(int warn, int max) { /* * try to pick a default least likely to do damage, * in case luser just types a newline */ int i = read_int(1, max, max, ignore, "Partition number") - 1; if (warn && ( (!sun_label && !part_table[i]->sys_ind) #if defined(sparc) || (sun_label && (!sunlabel->partitions[i].num_sectors || !sunlabel->infos[i].id)) #endif )) fprintf(stderr, "Warning: partition %d has empty type\n", i+1); return i; } char *const str_units(void) { return unit_flag ? "cylinder" : "sector"; } void change_units(void) { if ((unit_flag = !unit_flag)) display_factor = 1; else display_factor = heads * sectors; update_units(); printf("Changing display/entry units to %ss\n", str_units()); } void toggle_active(int i) { struct partition *p = part_table[i]; if (IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind) && !p->boot_ind) fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: Partition %d is an extended partition\n", i + 1); if (p->boot_ind) p->boot_ind = 0; else p->boot_ind = ACTIVE_FLAG; changed[i] = 1; } void toggle_dos(void) { dos_compatible_flag = ~dos_compatible_flag; printf("DOS Compatibility flag is "); if (dos_compatible_flag) sector_offset = sectors; else { sector_offset = 1; printf("not "); } printf("set\n"); } void delete_partition(int i) { struct partition *p = part_table[i], *q = ext_pointers[i]; /* Note that for the fifth partition (i == 4) we don't actually * decrement partitions. */ if (warn_geometry()) return; changed[i] = 1; #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) { sun_delete_partition(i); return; } #endif if (i < 4) { if (IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind) && i == ext_index) { while (partitions > 4) free(buffers[--partitions]); ext_pointers[ext_index] = NULL; extended_offset = 0; } clear_partition(p); } else if (!q->sys_ind && i > 4) { free(buffers[--partitions]); clear_partition(ext_pointers[--i]); } else if (i > 3) { if (i > 4) { p = ext_pointers[i - 1]; p->boot_ind = 0; p->head = q->head; p->sector = q->sector; p->cyl = q->cyl; p->sys_ind = EXTENDED; p->end_head = q->end_head; p->end_sector = q->end_sector; p->end_cyl = q->end_cyl; set_start_sect(p, get_start_sect(q)); set_nr_sects(p, get_nr_sects(q)); changed[i - 1] = 1; } else { if(part_table[5]) /* prevent SEGFAULT */ set_start_sect(part_table[5], get_start_sect(part_table[5]) + offsets[5] - extended_offset); offsets[5] = extended_offset; changed[5] = 1; } if (partitions > 5) { partitions--; free(buffers[i]); while (i < partitions) { changed[i] = changed[i + 1]; buffers[i] = buffers[i + 1]; offsets[i] = offsets[i + 1]; part_table[i] = part_table[i + 1]; ext_pointers[i] = ext_pointers[i + 1]; i++; } } else clear_partition(part_table[i]); } } void change_sysid(void) { char *temp; int i = get_partition(0, partitions), sys, origsys; struct partition *p = part_table[i]; #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) sys = sunlabel->infos[i].id; else #endif sys = p->sys_ind; origsys = sys; if (!sys) printf("Partition %d does not exist yet!\n", i + 1); else while (1) { if (!sun_label) sys = read_hex (sys_types); #if defined(sparc) else sys = read_hex (sun_sys_types); #endif if (!sys) { delete_partition(i); break; } if (!sun_label) { if (IS_EXTENDED (sys) != IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind)) { printf("You cannot change a partition into" " an extended one or vice versa\n" "Delete it first.\n"); break; } } if (sys < 256) { #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label && i == 2 && sys != WHOLE_DISK) printf("Consider leaving partition 3 " "as Whole disk (5),\n" "as SunOS/Solaris expects it and " "even Linux likes it.\n"); #endif if (sys == origsys) break; #if defined(sparc) if (sunlabel) { sun_change_sysid(i, sys); } else #endif part_table[i]->sys_ind = sys; printf ("Changed system type of partition %d " "to %x (%s)\n", i + 1, sys, (temp = partition_type(sys)) ? temp : "Unknown"); changed[i] = 1; break; } } } /* check_consistency() and long2chs() added Sat Mar 6 12:28:16 1993, * faith@cs.unc.edu, based on code fragments from pfdisk by Gordon W. Ross, * Jan. 1990 (version 1.2.1 by Gordon W. Ross Aug. 1990; Modified by S. * Lubkin Oct. 1991). */ static void long2chs(ulong ls, uint *c, uint *h, uint *s) { int spc = heads * sectors; *c = ls / spc; ls = ls % spc; *h = ls / sectors; *s = ls % sectors + 1; /* sectors count from 1 */ } static void check_consistency(struct partition *p, int partition) { uint pbc, pbh, pbs; /* physical beginning c, h, s */ uint pec, peh, pes; /* physical ending c, h, s */ uint lbc, lbh, lbs; /* logical beginning c, h, s */ uint lec, leh, les; /* logical ending c, h, s */ if (!heads || !sectors || (partition >= 4)) return; /* do not check extended partitions */ /* physical beginning c, h, s */ pbc = (p->cyl & 0xff) | ((p->sector << 2) & 0x300); pbh = p->head; pbs = p->sector & 0x3f; /* physical ending c, h, s */ pec = (p->end_cyl & 0xff) | ((p->end_sector << 2) & 0x300); peh = p->end_head; pes = p->end_sector & 0x3f; /* compute logical beginning (c, h, s) */ long2chs(get_start_sect(p), &lbc, &lbh, &lbs); /* compute logical ending (c, h, s) */ long2chs(get_start_sect(p) + get_nr_sects(p) - 1, &lec, &leh, &les); /* Same physical / logical beginning? */ if (cylinders <= 1024 && (pbc != lbc || pbh != lbh || pbs != lbs)) { printf("Partition %d has different physical/logical " "beginnings (non-Linux?):\n", partition + 1); printf(" phys=(%d, %d, %d) ", pbc, pbh, pbs); printf("logical=(%d, %d, %d)\n",lbc, lbh, lbs); } /* Same physical / logical ending? */ if (cylinders <= 1024 && (pec != lec || peh != leh || pes != les)) { printf("Partition %d has different physical/logical " "endings:\n", partition + 1); printf(" phys=(%d, %d, %d) ", pec, peh, pes); printf("logical=(%d, %d, %d)\n",lec, leh, les); } #if 0 /* Beginning on cylinder boundary? */ if (pbh != !pbc || pbs != 1) { printf("Partition %i does not start on cylinder " "boundary:\n", partition + 1); printf(" phys=(%d, %d, %d) ", pbc, pbh, pbs); printf("should be (%d, %d, 1)\n", pbc, !pbc); } #endif /* Ending on cylinder boundary? */ if (peh != (heads - 1) || pes != sectors) { printf("Partition %i does not end on cylinder boundary:\n", partition + 1); printf(" phys=(%d, %d, %d) ", pec, peh, pes); printf("should be (%d, %d, %d)\n", pec, heads - 1, sectors); } } void list_table(int xtra) { struct partition *p; char *type; int i, w; #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) sun_list_table(xtra); return; #endif w = strlen(disk_device); printf("\nDisk %s: %d heads, %d sectors, %d cylinders\nUnits = " "%ss of %d * 512 bytes\n\n", disk_device, heads, sectors, cylinders, str_units(), display_factor); if (w < 5) w = 5; printf("%*s Boot %s Start End Blocks Id System\n", w + 1, "Device", show_begin ? " Begin " : " "); for (i = 0 ; i < partitions; i++) { if ((p = part_table[i])->sys_ind) { unsigned int psects = get_nr_sects(p); printf( show_begin ? "%*s%-2d %c%9d%9d%9d%9d%c %2x %s\n" : "%*s%-2d %c%c%9d%9d%9d%c %2x %s\n", /* device */ w, disk_device, i+1, /* boot flag */ !p->boot_ind ? ' ' : p->boot_ind == ACTIVE_FLAG ? '*' : '?', show_begin ? /* begin */ cround(rounded( calculate(p->head, p->sector, p->cyl), get_start_sect(p) + offsets[i])) : ' ', /* start */ cround(get_start_sect(p) + offsets[i]), /* end */ cround(get_start_sect(p) + offsets[i] + psects - (psects ? 1 : 0)), /* odd flag on end */ psects / 2, (psects & 1) ? '+' : ' ', /* type id */ p->sys_ind, /* type name */ (type = partition_type(p->sys_ind)) ? type : "Unknown"); check_consistency(p, i); } } } void x_list_table(int extend) { struct partition *p, **q; int i; if (extend) q = ext_pointers; else q = part_table; printf("\nDisk %s: %d heads, %d sectors, %d cylinders\n\n", disk_device, heads, sectors, cylinders); printf("Nr AF Hd Sec Cyl Hd Sec Cyl Start Size ID\n"); for (i = 0 ; i < partitions; i++) if ((p = q[i]) != NULL) { printf("%2d %02x%4d%4d%5d%4d%4d%5d%8d%8d %02x\n", i + 1, p->boot_ind, p->head, sector(p->sector), cylinder(p->sector, p->cyl), p->end_head, sector(p->end_sector), cylinder(p->end_sector, p->end_cyl), get_start_sect(p), get_nr_sects(p), p->sys_ind); if (p->sys_ind) check_consistency(p, i); } } void check_bounds(uint *first, uint *last) { int i; uint max = 0xffffffff; /* used to be 256 * 63 * 1024 but that made it impossible to add a partition crossing cylinder 8064 */ struct partition *p = part_table[0]; for (i = 0; i < partitions; p = part_table[++i]) { if (!p->sys_ind || IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind)) { first[i] = max; last[i] = 0; } else { first[i] = rounded(calculate(p->head, p->sector, p->cyl), get_start_sect(p) + offsets[i]); last[i] = get_start_sect(p) + offsets[i] + get_nr_sects(p) - 1; } } } void check(int n, uint h, uint s, uint c, uint start) { uint total, real_s, real_c, i; real_s = sector(s) - 1; real_c = cylinder(s, c); total = (real_c * sectors + real_s) * heads + h; if (full_bits) while ((i = total + full_bits) <= start) { real_c += 1024; total = i; } if (!total) fprintf(stderr, "Warning: partition %d contains sector 0\n", n); if (h >= heads) fprintf(stderr, "Partition %d: head %d greater than maximum %d\n", n, h + 1, heads); if (real_s >= sectors) fprintf(stderr, "Partition %d: sector %d greater than " "maximum %d\n", n, s, sectors); if (real_c >= cylinders) fprintf(stderr, "Partitions %d: cylinder %d greater than " "maximum %d\n", n, real_c + 1, cylinders); if (cylinders <= 1024 && start != total) fprintf(stderr, "Partition %d: previous sectors %d disagrees with " "total %d\n", n, start, total); } void verify(void) { int i, j; uint total = 1, first[partitions], last[partitions]; struct partition *p = part_table[0]; if (warn_geometry()) return; #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) verify_sun(); return; #endif check_bounds(first, last); for (i = 0; i < partitions; p = part_table[++i]) if (p->sys_ind && !IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind)) { check_consistency(p, i); if (get_start_sect(p) + offsets[i] < first[i]) printf("Warning: bad start-of-data in " "partition %d\n", i + 1); check(i + 1, p->end_head, p->end_sector, p->end_cyl, last[i]); total += last[i] + 1 - first[i]; for (j = 0; j < i; j++) if ((first[i] >= first[j] && first[i] <= last[j]) || ((last[i] <= last[j] && last[i] >= first[j]))) { printf("Warning: partition %d overlaps " "partition %d.\n", j + 1, i + 1); total += first[i] >= first[j] ? first[i] : first[j]; total -= last[i] <= last[j] ? last[i] : last[j]; } } if (extended_offset) { uint e_last = get_start_sect(part_table[ext_index]) + get_nr_sects(part_table[ext_index]) - 1; for (p = part_table[i = 4]; i < partitions; p = part_table[++i]) { total++; if (!p->sys_ind) { if (i != 4 || i + 1 < partitions) printf("Warning: partition %d " "is empty\n", i + 1); } else if (first[i] < extended_offset || last[i] > e_last) printf("Logical partition %d not entirely in " "partition %d\n", i + 1, ext_index + 1); } } if (total > heads * sectors * cylinders) printf("Total allocated sectors %d greater than the maximum " "%d\n", total, heads * sectors * cylinders); else if ((total = heads * sectors * cylinders - total) != 0) printf("%d unallocated sectors\n", total); } void add_partition(int n, int sys) { char mesg[48]; int i, read = 0; struct partition *p = part_table[n], *q = part_table[ext_index]; uint start, stop = 0, limit, temp, first[partitions], last[partitions]; if (p->sys_ind) { printf("Partition %d is already defined. Delete " "it before re-adding it.\n", n + 1); return; } check_bounds(first, last); if (n < 4) { start = sector_offset; limit = heads * sectors * cylinders - 1; if (extended_offset) { first[ext_index] = extended_offset; last[ext_index] = get_start_sect(q) + get_nr_sects(q) - 1; } } else { start = extended_offset + sector_offset; limit = get_start_sect(q) + get_nr_sects(q) - 1; } if (unit_flag) for (i = 0; i < partitions; i++) first[i] = (cround(first[i]) - 1) * display_factor; sprintf(mesg, "First %s", str_units()); do { temp = start; for (i = 0; i < partitions; i++) { int lastplusoff; if (start == offsets[i]) start += sector_offset; lastplusoff = last[i] + ((n<4) ? 0 : sector_offset); if (start >= first[i] && start <= lastplusoff) start = lastplusoff + 1; } if (start > limit) break; if (start >= temp+display_factor && read) { printf("Sector %d is already allocated\n", temp); temp = start; read = 0; } if (!read && start == temp) { uint i; i = start; start = read_int(cround(i), cround(i), cround(limit), ignore, mesg); if (unit_flag) { start = (start - 1) * display_factor; if (start < i) start = i; } read = 1; } } while (start != temp || !read); if (n > 4) /* NOT for fifth partition */ offsets[n] = start - sector_offset; for (i = 0; i < partitions; i++) { if (start < offsets[i] && limit >= offsets[i]) limit = offsets[i] - 1; if (start < first[i] && limit >= first[i]) limit = first[i] - 1; } if (start > limit) { printf("No free sectors available\n"); if (n > 4) { free(buffers[n]); partitions--; } return; } if (cround(start) == cround(limit)) stop = start; else { sprintf(mesg, "Last %s or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK", str_units()); stop = read_int(cround(start), cround(limit), cround(limit), lower, mesg); if (unit_flag) { stop = stop * display_factor - 1; if (stop >limit) stop = limit; } } set_partition(n, p, start, stop, sys, offsets[n]); if (IS_EXTENDED (sys)) { ext_index = n; offsets[4] = extended_offset = start; ext_pointers[n] = p; if (!(buffers[4] = calloc(1, SECTOR_SIZE))) fatal(out_of_memory); part_table[4] = offset(buffers[4], 0); ext_pointers[4] = part_table[4] + 1; changed[4] = 1; partitions = 5; } else { if (n > 4) set_partition(n - 1, ext_pointers[n - 1], start - sector_offset, stop, EXTENDED, extended_offset); #if 0 if ((limit = get_nr_sects(p)) & 1) printf("Warning: partition %d has an odd " "number of sectors.\n", n + 1); #endif } } void add_logical(void) { if (partitions > 5 || part_table[4]->sys_ind) { if (!(buffers[partitions] = calloc(1, SECTOR_SIZE))) fatal(out_of_memory); part_table[partitions] = offset(buffers[partitions], 0); ext_pointers[partitions] = part_table[partitions] + 1; offsets[partitions] = 0; partitions++; } add_partition(partitions - 1, LINUX_NATIVE); } void new_partition(void) { int i, free_primary = 0; if (warn_geometry()) return; #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) add_sun_partition(get_partition(0, partitions), LINUX_NATIVE); return; #endif if (partitions >= MAXIMUM_PARTS) { printf("The maximum number of partitions has been created\n"); return; } for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) free_primary += !part_table[i]->sys_ind; if (!free_primary) if (extended_offset) add_logical(); else printf("You must delete some partition and add " "an extended partition first\n"); else { char c, line[LINE_LENGTH]; sprintf(line, "Command action\n %s\n p primary " "partition (1-4)\n", extended_offset ? "l logical (5 or over)" : "e extended"); while (1) if ((c = tolower(read_char(line))) == 'p') { add_partition(get_partition(0, 4), LINUX_NATIVE); return; } else if (c == 'l' && extended_offset) { add_logical(); return; } else if (c == 'e' && !extended_offset) { add_partition(get_partition(0, 4), EXTENDED); return; } else printf("Invalid partition number " "for type `%c'\n", c); } } void write_table(void) { int i, error = 0; changed[3] = changed[0] || changed[1] || changed[2] || changed[3]; if (!sun_label) { for (i = 3; i < partitions; i++) { if (changed[i]) { write_part_table_flag(buffers[i]); if (ext2_llseek(fd, (ext2_loff_t)offsets[i] * SECTOR_SIZE, SEEK_SET) < 0) fatal(unable_to_seek); if (write(fd, buffers[i], SECTOR_SIZE) != SECTOR_SIZE) fatal(unable_to_write); } } } else { #if defined(sparc) if (changed[3] || changed[4] || changed[5] || changed[6] || changed[7]) { sun_write_table(); } #endif } printf("The partition table has been altered!\n\n"); printf("Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\n"); sync(); sleep(2); if ((i = ioctl(fd, BLKRRPART)) != 0) { error = errno; } else { /* some kernel versions (1.2.x) seem to have trouble rereading the partition table, but if asked to do it twice, the second time works. - biro@yggdrasil.com */ sync(); sleep(2); if((i = ioctl(fd, BLKRRPART)) != 0) error = errno; } close(fd); printf("Syncing disks.\n"); sync(); sleep(4); /* for sync() */ if (i < 0) printf("Re-read table failed with error %d: %s.\nReboot your " "system to ensure the partition table is updated.\n", error, strerror(error)); if (!sun_label) printf( "\nWARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x\n" "partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional\n" "information.\n"); exit(0); } #define MAX_PER_LINE 16 void print_buffer(char buffer[]) { int i, l; for (i = 0, l = 0; i < SECTOR_SIZE; i++, l++) { if (l == 0) printf("0x%03X:", i); printf(" %02X", (unsigned char) buffer[i]); if (l == MAX_PER_LINE - 1) { printf("\n"); l = -1; } } if (l > 0) printf("\n"); printf("\n"); } void print_raw(void) { int i; printf("Device: %s\n", disk_device); if (sun_label) print_buffer(buffer); else for (i = 3; i < partitions; i++) print_buffer(buffers[i]); } void move_begin(int i) { struct partition *p = part_table[i]; uint new, first; if (warn_geometry()) return; if (!p->sys_ind || !get_nr_sects(p) || IS_EXTENDED (p->sys_ind)) { printf("Partition %d has no data area\n", i + 1); return; } first = rounded(calculate(p->head, p->sector, p->cyl), get_start_sect(p) + offsets[i]); new = read_int(first, first, get_start_sect(p) + get_nr_sects(p) + offsets[i] - 1, lower, "New beginning of data") - offsets[i]; if (new != get_nr_sects(p)) { first = get_nr_sects(p) + get_start_sect(p) - new; set_nr_sects(p, first); set_start_sect(p, new); changed[i] = 1; } } void xselect(void) { while(1) { putchar('\n'); switch (tolower(read_char("Expert command (m for help): "))) { #if defined(sparc) case 'a': if (sun_label) sun_set_alt_cyl(); break; #endif case 'b': if (!sun_label) move_begin(get_partition(0, partitions)); break; case 'c': cylinders = read_int(1, cylinders, 65535, deflt, "Number of cylinders"); #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) sun_set_ncyl(cylinders); #endif warn_cylinders(); break; case 'd': print_raw(); break; case 'e': if (!sun_label) x_list_table(1); #if defined(sparc) else sun_set_xcyl(); #endif break; case 'h': heads = read_int(1, heads, 256, deflt, "Number of heads"); update_units(); break; #if defined(sparc) case 'i': if (sun_label) sun_set_ilfact(); break; case 'o': if (sun_label) sun_set_rspeed(); break; #endif case 'p': #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) list_table(1); else #endif x_list_table(0); break; case 'q': close(fd); exit(0); case 'r': return; case 's': sectors = read_int(1, sectors, 63, deflt, "Number of sectors"); if (dos_compatible_flag) { sector_offset = sectors; fprintf(stderr, "Warning: setting " "sector offset for DOS " "compatiblity\n"); } update_units(); break; case 'v': verify(); break; case 'w': write_table(); /* does not return */ break; #if defined(sparc) case 'y': if (sun_label) sun_set_pcylcount(); break; #endif default: xmenu(); } } } int is_ide_cdrom(char *device) { /* No device was given explicitly, and we are trying some likely things. But opening /dev/hdc may produce errors like "hdc: tray open or drive not ready" if it happens to be a CD-ROM drive. It even happens that the process hangs on the attempt to read a music CD. So try to be careful. This only works since 2.1.73. */ FILE *procf; char buf[100]; struct stat statbuf; sprintf(buf, "/proc/ide/%s/media", device+5); procf = fopen(buf, "r"); if (procf != NULL && fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), procf)) return !strncmp(buf, "cdrom", 5); /* Now when this proc file does not exist, skip the device when it is read-only. */ if (stat(device, &statbuf) == 0) return (statbuf.st_mode & 0222) == 0; return 0; } void try(char *device, int user_specified) { disk_device = device; if (!setjmp(listingbuf)) { if (!user_specified) if (is_ide_cdrom(device)) return; if ((fd = open(disk_device, type_open)) >= 0) { if (get_boot(try_only) < 0) { if (btrydev(device) < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Disk doesn't contain a valid " "partition table\n"); close(fd); } else { close(fd); list_table(0); if (!sun_label && partitions > 4) delete_partition(ext_index); } } else { /* Ignore other errors, since we try IDE and SCSI hard disks which may not be installed on the system. */ if(errno == EACCES) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s\n", device); return; } } } } void dummy(int *kk) {} void main(int argc, char **argv) { int i, j, s, c; int optl = 0, opts = 0; char *part; /* * Calls: * fdisk -v * fdisk -l [-b] [-u] [device] ... * fdisk -s [partition] ... * fdisk [-b] [-u] [device] */ while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "blsuv")) != EOF) { switch (c) { case 'b': show_begin = 1; break; case 'l': optl = 1; break; case 's': opts = 1; break; case 'u': unit_flag = 0; break; case 'v': printf("fdisk v" VERSION "\n"); exit(0); default: fatal(usage); } } if (optl) { listing = 1; nowarn = 1; type_open = O_RDONLY; if (argc > optind) { int k; /* avoid gcc warning: variable `k' might be clobbered by `longjmp' */ dummy(&k); for(k=optind; k= partitions) exit(1); #if defined(sparc) if (!sun_label) { int id = sunlabel->infos[i].id; if (!(id > 1 && id != WHOLE_DISK)) exit(1); s = get_num_sectors(sunlabel->partitions[i]); } else #endif s = get_nr_sects(part_table[i]); if (opts == 1) printf("%d\n", s/2); else printf("%s: %d\n", argv[j], s/2); } exit(0); } if (argc-optind == 1) disk_device = argv[optind]; else if (argc-optind != 0) fatal(usage); else { if ((fd = open(DEFAULT_DEVICE, O_RDWR)) < 0) disk_device = ALTERNATE_DEVICE; else close(fd); printf("Using %s as default device!\n", disk_device); } get_boot(fdisk); while (1) { putchar('\n'); switch (tolower(read_char("Command (m for help): "))) { case 'a': #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) toggle_sunflags(get_partition(1, partitions), 0x01); else #endif toggle_active(get_partition(1, partitions)); break; case 'b': bselect(); break; case 'c': #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) toggle_sunflags(get_partition(1, partitions), 0x10); else #endif toggle_dos(); break; case 'd': delete_partition( get_partition(1, partitions)); break; case 'l': #if defined(sparc) if (sun_label) list_types(sun_sys_types); else #endif list_types(sys_types); break; case 'n': new_partition(); break; case 'o': create_doslabel(); break; case 'p': list_table(0); break; case 'q': close(fd); exit(0); #if defined(sparc) case 's': create_sunlabel(); break; #endif case 't': change_sysid(); break; case 'u': change_units(); break; case 'v': verify(); break; case 'w': write_table(); /* does not return */ break; case 'x': xselect(); break; default: menu(); } } }