mirror of
https://github.com/ericonr/sndio.git
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741 lines
20 KiB
Groff
741 lines
20 KiB
Groff
.\" $OpenBSD$
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2006 Alexandre Ratchov <alex@caoua.org>
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
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.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
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.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.Dd $Mdocdate$
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.Dt AUCAT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm aucat ,
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.Nm sndiod
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.Nd audio/MIDI server and stream manipulation tool
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm aucat
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl dn
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.Op Fl b Ar nframes
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.Op Fl C Ar min : Ns Ar max
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.Op Fl c Ar min : Ns Ar max
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.Op Fl e Ar enc
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.Op Fl f Ar device
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.Op Fl h Ar fmt
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.Op Fl i Ar file
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.Op Fl j Ar flag
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.Op Fl m Ar mode
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.Op Fl o Ar file
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.Op Fl q Ar port
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.Op Fl r Ar rate
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.Op Fl t Ar mode
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.Op Fl v Ar volume
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.Op Fl w Ar flag
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.Op Fl x Ar policy
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.Op Fl z Ar nframes
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.Ek
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.Nm sndiod
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl dM
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.Op Fl a Ar flag
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.Op Fl b Ar nframes
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.Op Fl C Ar min : Ns Ar max
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.Op Fl c Ar min : Ns Ar max
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.Op Fl e Ar enc
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.Op Fl f Ar device
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.Op Fl j Ar flag
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.Op Fl L Ar addr
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.Op Fl m Ar mode
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.Op Fl q Ar port
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.Op Fl r Ar rate
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.Op Fl s Ar name
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.Op Fl t Ar mode
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.Op Fl U Ar unit
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.Op Fl v Ar volume
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.Op Fl w Ar flag
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.Op Fl x Ar policy
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.Op Fl z Ar nframes
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.Ek
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is an audio utility which can simultaneously play and record
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any number of audio
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.Em streams ,
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possibly controlled through MIDI.
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A typical invocation of
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.Nm
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consists in providing streams to play and record,
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and possibly the audio device to use.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm sndiod
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daemon acts as an audio server.
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Its functionality is identical to
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.Nm aucat ,
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except that streams are created
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dynamically when clients connect to the server.
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Thus, instead of actual streams (paths to plain files),
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templates for client streams (sub-device names) must be provided.
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Multiple independent audio devices are supported,
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each has its own list of streams and MIDI control ports.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl a Ar flag
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Control whether
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.Nm sndiod
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opens the audio device only when needed or keeps it open all the time.
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This applies to MIDI ports controlling the device as well.
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If the flag is
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.Va on
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then the device is kept open all the time, ensuring no other program can
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steal it.
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If the flag is
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.Va off ,
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then it's automatically closed, allowing other programs to have direct
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access to the device, or the device to be disconnected.
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The default is
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.Va off ,
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except for the default device.
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.It Fl b Ar nframes
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The buffer size of the audio device in frames.
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A frame consists of one sample for each channel in the stream.
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This is the number of frames that will be buffered before being played
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and thus controls the playback latency.
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The default is 7680 or twice the block size
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.Pq Fl z ,
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if the block size is set.
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.It Xo
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.Fl C Ar min : Ns Ar max ,
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.Fl c Ar min : Ns Ar max
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.Xc
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The range of stream channel numbers for recording and playback directions,
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respectively.
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The default is 0:1, i.e. stereo.
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.It Fl d
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Increase log verbosity.
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.Nm sndiod
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logs on
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.Em stderr
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until it daemonizes.
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.It Fl e Ar enc
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Encoding of the playback or recording stream (see below).
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The default is signed, 16-bit, native byte order.
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.It Fl f Ar device
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Add this
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.Xr sndio 7
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audio device to devices used for playing and/or recording.
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Preceding per-device options
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.Pq Fl abwz
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apply to this device.
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Streams
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.Pq Fl ios
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and control MIDI ports
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.Pq Fl q
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that are applied after will be attached to this device.
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Device mode and parameters are determined from streams
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attached to it.
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.It Fl h Ar fmt
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File format of the playback or record stream (see below).
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The default is auto.
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.It Fl i Ar file
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Add this file to the list of streams to play.
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If the option argument is
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.Sq -
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then standard input will be used.
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.It Fl j Ar flag
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Control whether stream channels are joined or expanded if
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the stream number of channels is not equal to the device number of channels.
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If the flag is
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.Va off
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then stream channels are routed to the corresponding
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device channel, possibly discarding channels not present in the device.
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If the flag is
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.Va on ,
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then a single stream channel may be sent on multiple device channels,
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or multiple stream channels may be sent to a single device channel.
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For instance, this feature could be used to request mono streams to
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be sent on multiple outputs or to record a stereo input into a mono stream.
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The default is
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.Ar on .
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.It Fl L Ar addr
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Specify a local network address
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.Nm sndiod
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should listen;
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.Nm sndiod
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will listen on TCP port 11025+n, where n is the unit number
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specified with
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.Fl U .
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Without this option,
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.Nm sndiod
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listens on the
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.Ux Ns -domain
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socket only, and is not reachable from any network.
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If the option argument is
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.Sq -
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then
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.Nm sndiod
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will accept connections from any address.
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.It Fl M
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Create a MIDI thru box
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.Pq i.e. MIDI-only pseudo device .
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It merges any number of MIDI inputs and broadcasts the result
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to any number of MIDI outputs, similarly to a hardware MIDI thru box.
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Only MIDI ports
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.Pq Fl q
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and MIDI files
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.Po
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.Fl io
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preceded by
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.Fl m Ar midi
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.Pc
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can be attached to it.
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Exposed sub-devices by
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.Nm sndiod
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behave like software MIDI ports,
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allowing any MIDI-capable application to send MIDI messages to
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MIDI hardware or to another application in a uniform way.
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.It Fl m Ar mode
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Set the stream mode.
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Valid modes are
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.Ar play ,
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.Ar rec ,
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.Ar mon ,
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and
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.Ar midi ,
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corresponding to playback, recording, monitoring and MIDI control.
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A monitoring stream is a fake recording stream corresponding to
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the mix of all playback streams.
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Multiple modes can be specified, separated by commas,
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but the same stream cannot be used for both recording and monitoring.
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The default is
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.Ar play , Ns Ar rec , Ns Ar midi
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(i.e. full-duplex with MIDI control enabled).
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.It Fl n
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Create a loopback pseudo audio device.
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Send input streams
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to the output, processing them on the fly.
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This pseudo-device is useful to mix, demultiplex, resample or re-encode
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audio files offline.
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It requires at least one input
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.Pq Fl i
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and one output
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.Pq Fl o .
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.It Fl o Ar file
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Add this file to the list of recording streams.
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If the option argument is
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.Sq -
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then standard output will be used.
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.It Fl q Ar port
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Expose the audio device clock on this
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.Xr sndio 7
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MIDI port and allow audio device properties to be controlled
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through MIDI.
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This includes per-stream volumes and the ability to
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synchronously start, stop and relocate streams created in
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MIDI Machine
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Control (MMC) slave mode
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.Pq Fl t .
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.It Fl r Ar rate
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Sample rate in Hertz of the stream.
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The default is 48000.
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.It Fl s Ar name
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Add
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.Ar name
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to the list of sub-devices to expose.
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This allows clients to use
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.Nm sndiod
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instead of the physical audio device for audio input and output
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in order to share the physical device with other clients.
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Defining multiple sub-devices allows splitting a physical audio device
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into logical devices having different properties (e.g. channel ranges).
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The given
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.Ar name
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corresponds to the
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.Dq option
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part of the
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.Xr sndio 7
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device name string.
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.It Fl t Ar mode
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Select the way streams are controlled by MIDI Machine Control (MMC)
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messages.
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If the mode is
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.Va off
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(the default), then streams are not affected by MMC messages.
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If the mode is
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.Va slave ,
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then streams are started synchronously by MMC start messages;
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additionally, the server clock is exposed as MIDI Time Code (MTC)
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messages allowing MTC-capable software or hardware to be synchronized
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to audio streams.
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.It Fl U Ar unit
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Unit number to use when running in server mode.
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Each
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.Nm sndiod
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server instance has an unique unit number,
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used in
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.Xr sndio 7
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device names.
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The default is 0.
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The unit number must be set before any
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.Fl L
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is used.
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.It Fl v Ar volume
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Software volume attenuation of the playback stream.
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The value must be between 1 and 127,
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corresponding to \-42dB and \-0dB attenuation in 1/3dB steps.
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In server mode, clients inherit this parameter.
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Reducing the volume in advance allows a client's volume to stay independent
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from the number of clients as long as their number is small enough.
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18 volume units (i.e. \-6dB attenuation) allows the number
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of playback streams to be doubled.
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The default is 127 i.e. no attenuation.
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.It Fl w Ar flag
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Control
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.Nm
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and
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.Nm sndiod
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behaviour when the maximum volume of the hardware is reached
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and a new stream is connected.
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This happens only when stream volumes
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are not properly set using the
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.Fl v
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option.
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If the flag is
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.Va on ,
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then the master volume (corresponding to the mix of all playback streams)
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is automatically adjusted to avoid clipping.
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Using
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.Va off
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makes sense when all streams are recorded or produced with properly lowered
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volumes.
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The default is
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.Va on .
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.It Fl x Ar policy
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Action when the output stream cannot accept
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recorded data fast enough or the input stream
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cannot provide data to play fast enough.
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If the policy
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is
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.Dq ignore
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(the default) then samples that cannot be written are discarded
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and samples that cannot be read are replaced by silence.
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If the policy is
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.Dq sync
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then recorded samples are discarded,
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but the same amount of silence will be written
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once the stream is unblocked, in order to reach the right position in time.
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Similarly silence is played, but the same amount of samples will be discarded
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once the stream is unblocked.
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If the policy is
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.Dq error
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then the stream is closed permanently.
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.Pp
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If a stream is created with the
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.Fl t
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option,
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the
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.Dq ignore
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action is disabled for any stream connected to it
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to ensure proper synchronization.
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.It Fl z Ar nframes
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The audio device block size in frames.
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This is the number of frames between audio clock ticks,
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i.e. the clock resolution.
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If a stream is created with the
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.Fl t
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option,
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and MTC is used for synchronization, the clock
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resolution must be 96, 100 or 120 ticks per second for maximum
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accuracy.
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For instance, 100 ticks per second at 48000Hz corresponds
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to a 480 frame block size.
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The default is 960 or half of the buffer size
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.Pq Fl b ,
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if the buffer size is set.
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.El
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.Pp
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On the command line,
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per-device parameters
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.Pq Fl abwz
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must precede the device definition
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.Pq Fl fMn ,
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and per-stream parameters
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.Pq Fl Ccehjmrtvx
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must precede the stream definition
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.Pq Fl ios .
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MIDI ports
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.Pq Fl q
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and stream definitions
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.Pq Fl ios
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must follow the definition of the device
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.Pq Fl fMn
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to which they are attached.
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.Pp
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If no audio devices
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.Pq Fl fMn
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are specified,
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settings are applied as if
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the default device is specified.
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If no
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.Nm sndiod
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sub-devices
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.Pq Fl s
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are specified for a device, a default server sub-device is
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created attached to it.
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If a device
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.Pq Fl fMn
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is defined twice, both definitions are merged:
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parameters of the first one are used but streams
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.Pq Fl ios
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and MIDI control ports
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.Pq Fl q
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of both definitions are created.
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The default
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.Xr sndio 7
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device used by
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.Nm sndiod
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is
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.Pa rsnd/0 ,
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and the default sub-device exposed by
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.Nm sndiod
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is
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.Pa snd/0 .
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.Pp
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If
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.Nm sndiod
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or
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.Nm aucat
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is sent
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.Dv SIGHUP ,
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.Dv SIGINT
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or
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.Dv SIGTERM ,
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it terminates recording to files.
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.Pp
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File formats are specified using the
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.Fl h
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option.
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The following file formats are supported:
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.Bl -tag -width s32lexxx -offset indent
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.It raw
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Headerless file.
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This format is recommended since it has no limitations.
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.It wav
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Microsoft WAVE file format.
|
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There are limitations inherent to the file format itself:
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not all encodings are supported,
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file sizes are limited to 2GB,
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and the file must support the
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.Xr lseek 2
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operation (e.g. pipes do not support it).
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.It auto
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Try to guess, depending on the file name.
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.El
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.Pp
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Encodings are specified using the
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.Fl e
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option.
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The following encodings are supported:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width s32lexxx -offset indent -compact
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.It s8
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signed 8-bit
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.It u8
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|
unsigned 8-bit
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.It s16le
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|
signed 16-bit, little endian
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|
.It u16le
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|
unsigned 16-bit, little endian
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|
.It s16be
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|
signed 16-bit, big endian
|
|
.It u16be
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|
unsigned 16-bit, big endian
|
|
.It s24le
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|
signed 24-bit, stored in 4 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It u24le
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|
unsigned 24-bit, stored in 4 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It s24be
|
|
signed 24-bit, stored in 4 bytes, big endian
|
|
.It u24be
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|
unsigned 24-bit, stored in 4 bytes, big endian
|
|
.It s32le
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|
signed 32-bit, little endian
|
|
.It u32le
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|
unsigned 32-bit, little endian
|
|
.It s32be
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|
signed 32-bit, big endian
|
|
.It u32be
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|
unsigned 32-bit, big endian
|
|
.It s24le3
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|
signed 24-bit, packed in 3 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It u24le3
|
|
unsigned 24-bit, packed in 3 bytes, big endian
|
|
.It s24be3
|
|
signed 24-bit, packed in 3 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It u24be3
|
|
unsigned 24-bit, packed in 3 bytes, big endian
|
|
.It s20le3
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|
signed 20-bit, packed in 3 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It u20le3
|
|
unsigned 20-bit, packed in 3 bytes, big endian
|
|
.It s20be3
|
|
signed 20-bit, packed in 3 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It u20be3
|
|
unsigned 20-bit, packed in 3 bytes, big endian
|
|
.It s18le3
|
|
signed 18-bit, packed in 3 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It u18le3
|
|
unsigned 18-bit, packed in 3 bytes, big endian
|
|
.It s18be3
|
|
signed 18-bit, packed in 3 bytes, little endian
|
|
.It u18be3
|
|
unsigned 18-bit, packed in 3 bytes, big endian
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SERVER MODE
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
can be used
|
|
to overcome hardware limitations and allow applications
|
|
to run on fixed sample rate devices or on devices
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|
supporting only unusual encodings.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Certain applications, such as synthesis software,
|
|
require a low latency audio setup.
|
|
To reduce the probability of buffer underruns or overruns, especially
|
|
on busy machines, the server can be started by the super-user, in which
|
|
case it will run with higher priority.
|
|
Any user will still be able to connect to it,
|
|
but for privacy reasons only one user may have
|
|
connections to it at a given time.
|
|
.Sh MIDI CONTROL
|
|
.Nm
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|
can expose the audio device clock on registered
|
|
MIDI ports
|
|
.Pq Fl q
|
|
and allows audio device properties to be controlled
|
|
through MIDI.
|
|
Additionally,
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
creates a MIDI port with the same name as the exposed audio
|
|
sub-device to which MIDI programs can connect.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A MIDI channel is assigned to each stream, and the volume
|
|
is changed using the standard volume controller (number 7).
|
|
Similarly, when the audio client changes its volume,
|
|
the same MIDI controller message is sent out; it can be used
|
|
for instance for monitoring or as feedback for motorized
|
|
faders.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Streams created with the
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
option are controlled by the following MMC messages:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width relocateXXX -offset indent
|
|
.It relocate
|
|
Streams are relocated to the requested time position
|
|
relative to the beginning of the stream, at which playback
|
|
and recording must start.
|
|
If the requested position is beyond the end of file,
|
|
the stream is temporarly disabled until a valid position is requested.
|
|
This message is ignored by audio
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
clients, but the given time position is sent to MIDI ports as an MTC
|
|
.Dq "full frame"
|
|
message forcing all MTC-slaves to relocate to the given
|
|
position (see below).
|
|
.It start
|
|
Put all streams in starting mode.
|
|
In this mode,
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
or
|
|
.Nm aucat
|
|
waits for all streams to become ready
|
|
to start, and then starts them synchronously.
|
|
Once started, new streams can be created
|
|
.Pq Nm sndiod
|
|
but they will be blocked
|
|
until the next stop-to-start transition.
|
|
.It stop
|
|
Put all streams in stopped mode (the default).
|
|
In this mode, any stream attempting to start playback or recording
|
|
is paused.
|
|
Files
|
|
.Pq Nm aucat
|
|
are stopped and rewound back to the starting position,
|
|
while client streams
|
|
.Pq Nm sndiod
|
|
that are already
|
|
started are not affected until they stop and try to start again.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Streams created with the
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
option export the
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
device clock using MTC, allowing non-audio
|
|
software or hardware to be synchronized to the audio stream.
|
|
Maximum accuracy is achieved when the number of blocks per
|
|
second is equal to one of the standard MTC clock rates (96, 100 and 120Hz).
|
|
The following sample rates
|
|
.Pq Fl r
|
|
and block sizes
|
|
.Pq Fl z
|
|
are recommended:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
44100Hz, 441 frames (MTC rate is 100Hz)
|
|
.It
|
|
48000Hz, 400 frames (MTC rate is 120Hz)
|
|
.It
|
|
48000Hz, 480 frames (MTC rate is 100Hz)
|
|
.It
|
|
48000Hz, 500 frames (MTC rate is 96Hz)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For instance, the following command will create two devices:
|
|
the default
|
|
.Va snd/0
|
|
and a MIDI-controlled
|
|
.Va snd/0.mmc :
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ sndiod -r 48000 -z 400 -s default -t slave -s mmc
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Streams connected to
|
|
.Va snd/0
|
|
behave normally, while streams connected to
|
|
.Va snd/0.mmc
|
|
wait for the MMC start signal and start synchronously.
|
|
Regardless of which device a stream is connected to,
|
|
its playback volume knob is exposed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For instance, the following command will play a file on the
|
|
.Va snd/0.mmc
|
|
audio device, and give full control to MIDI software or hardware
|
|
connected to the
|
|
.Va snd/0.thru
|
|
MIDI port:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ aucat -f snd/0.mmc -t slave -q midithru/0 -i file.wav
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
At this stage,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will start, stop and relocate automatically following all user
|
|
actions in the MIDI sequencer.
|
|
Note that the sequencer must use
|
|
.Va snd/0
|
|
as the MTC source, i.e. the audio server, not the audio player.
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "AUCAT_COOKIE" -compact
|
|
.It Ev AUCAT_COOKIE
|
|
File containing user's session cookie.
|
|
.It Ev AUDIODEVICE
|
|
.Xr sndio 7
|
|
audio device to use if the
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option is not specified.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
Mix and play two stereo streams,
|
|
the first at 48kHz and the second at 44.1kHz:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ aucat -r 48000 -i file1.raw -r 44100 -i file2.raw
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Record channels 2 and 3 into one stereo file and
|
|
channels 6 and 7 into another stereo file using a 96kHz sampling rate for
|
|
both:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ aucat -j off -r 96000 -C 2:3 -o file1.raw -C 6:7 -o file2.raw
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Split a stereo file into two mono files:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ aucat -n -j off -i stereo.wav -C 0:0 -o left.wav -C 1:1 \e
|
|
-o right.wav
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Start server using default parameters, creating an
|
|
additional sub-device for output to channels 2:3 only (rear speakers
|
|
on most cards), exposing the
|
|
.Pa snd/0
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa snd/0.rear
|
|
devices:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ sndiod -s default -c 2:3 -s rear
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Start server creating the default sub-device with low volume and
|
|
an additional sub-device for high volume output, exposing the
|
|
.Pa snd/0
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa snd/0.max
|
|
devices:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ sndiod -v 65 -s default -v 127 -s max
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Start server configuring the audio device to use
|
|
a 48kHz sample frequency, 240-frame block size,
|
|
and 2-block buffers.
|
|
The corresponding latency is 10ms, which is
|
|
the time it takes the sound to propagate 3.5 meters.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
$ sndiod -r 48000 -b 480 -z 240
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr audioctl 1 ,
|
|
.Xr cdio 1 ,
|
|
.Xr mixerctl 1 ,
|
|
.Xr audio 4 ,
|
|
.Xr sndio 7
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility assumes non-blocking I/O for input and output streams.
|
|
It will not work reliably on files that may block
|
|
(ordinary files block, pipes don't).
|
|
To avoid audio underruns/overruns or MIDI jitter caused by file I/O,
|
|
it's recommended to use two processes: a
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
server handling audio and MIDI I/O and a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
client handling disk I/O.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Resampling is low quality; down-sampling especially should be avoided
|
|
when recording.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Processing is done using 16-bit arithmetic,
|
|
thus samples with more than 16 bits are rounded.
|
|
16 bits (i.e. 97dB dynamic) are largely enough for most applications though.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl a Ar off
|
|
is used,
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
creates sub-devices to expose first
|
|
and then opens the audio hardware on demand.
|
|
Technically, this allows
|
|
.Nm sndiod
|
|
to attempt to use one of the sub-devices it exposes as an audio device,
|
|
creating a deadlock.
|
|
To avoid this,
|
|
.Fl a Ar off
|
|
is disabled for the default audio device, but nothing prevents the user
|
|
from shooting himself in the foot by creating a similar deadlock.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The ability to merge multiple inputs is provided to allow multiple
|
|
applications producing MIDI data to keep their connection open while
|
|
idling; it does not replace a fully featured MIDI merger.
|